Personal statement for MS Information System in Pace University Essay

Personal statement for MS Information System in Pace University - Essay Example fter looking for long for an institution with a package for accomplishing my dream of pursue masters of Science in information system, I found out that Pace University is an ideal institution from where to fulfill it. My confidence draws partly from the knowledge that the institution has met both national and international accreditation standards. This makes me believe that the degree will be an added advantage to my dream job in an international organization. The other source for my confidence in pursuing MS in information system at Pace University is the fact that I have been living in the United States since 2009 and, therefore, will have an easy time adapting to the environment of the institution. I am currently pursuing an international business course at Lynn University in Boca, Raton. While at Lynn University, I have engaged in different activities that have imparted me with important lessons. I have helped organize different team projects and events that gave me strong strategic and organizational skills. I have prepared reports for different lectures delivered by distinguished entrepreneurs and chief executive officers on campus and have acquired exceptional writing and analytical skills. Further, I have acquired survey and research skills from my involvement in the Student Volunteer-Habitat for Humanity club. Also, I am outgoing, can get along easily with different people, and will enjoy making connections with my colleagues, alumni, industry insiders, and faculty. I enjoy acquiring new knowledge and the program’s team of advisers will help me make the best out of my study at Pace University. It is impressive to know that Pace University MS program will give me the required practical skills fundamental in accomplishing my ultimate long term goal. Further, my Bachelor of Science in International Business Management will make be a flexible employee capable of revolutionizing any business and IT firm I will be hired. This will be enhanced by internship

Violence And Media Textual Analysis Film Studies Essay

Violence And Media Textual Analysis Film Studies Essay Textual analysis is crucial in film analysis of any kind. Almost all film studies module will always consist of textual analysis as the first assignment. Textual analysis is usually focused on sequences from film or television program. (Anon, 2011). Always stick to the specified text, ensure that the analysis is demonstrably relevant to the asked question. (Anon, n.d.). I am going to analyze the films un-forgiven and Seven in this article. Textual analysis of the film unforgiven Most of the information on the film Unforgiven attempts to examine several concerns. The concerns include generic issues pertaining to western world, such as violence, screen violence, heroism, justice and myth making, gender relation inequity, and social and political parallels. This criticism tries to identify the most important as the film as Clint Eastwood (nexus of most debates). Clint Eastwood finally becomes the measure of how the film succeeds in the topic. Despite the crucial role of this figure, the film tends to conflate the actor, the character and the director as a single Clint Eastwood. Early in the film, William Munny seems to be a family man and great farmer. He will only return to crime if he gets into financial constrains. William Beard suggests that the movie depicts that William Munny was forgiven by his dead wife, Claudia in a period that predates the opening. This led to Munny escaping the maelstrom of nihilistic compulsive violence and drunken self-obliteration. (Groves, 2001). Munny is only provoked back to violence by the humiliating death of his old partner, Ned Norgan late in the film. The film, however, indicates the gradual transformation of Munny. The confession of the criminal is heard without any judgement based on the argument his forgiveness did. Though the past is never forgotten, it is usually displaced. This creates a chance for psychological renewal as that experienced by Munny on marrying Claudia. Its though worthy noting the past is always present somewhere. It seems that if the criminal does lose or reject forgiveness, he is likely to commit to further crime. The Schofield Kid reaches at the Munnys farm to tell him that he was invited by the wronged prostitutes, the mise-en-scene and narrative look simple and clear. Munny is flailing around trying to save his dogs. He listens to the Kids story but refuses to accept the young mans plan. He returns to his dogs after the Kid leaves. We can accept his change and rehabilitation. He can be said to be living in self-imposed prison. He tells the kid that he thought he was coming to kill him for something he had done in old days. Before living for Big Whiskey, he tells his children that the dogs were getting even worse because of cruelty he had caused on other animals before he mate their late mum. In their discussion, the kid reminds them how their uncle Pete Sathau implicated Munny as the meanest goddamn sonofabitch alive. (Groves, 2001). Munny only replies, Pete said that, huh? At this point, Munnys children appear at the door and the conversation changes. Munny refers to Claudia, acclaiming her profound influence on him. The night scenes on the train still portray the divided character of Munny. He expresses his sorrow to the crimes he committed to Logan, insisting his redemption was never jeopardized. The only source of light is the camp lamb and the men are surrounded by darkness. The camera shot is taken at about 45 degrees at the time Buddy refers to his former associate, Eagle (Hendershot) who hated him . Munnys face is bathed in the lambs golden glow, but we can see little else of remaining body, his cloth blending into the darkness. As Logan goes to sleep, Munny remain seated in a rigid posture trying to keep warm with the overcoat. We have an impression that he is trying to protect himself from mental darkness surrounding him. Though the manner his face is illuminated is halo reminiscent, there is question on his forgiveness. This account is further reinforced next evening when the kid joins them. Munnys determination during this period implies internal struggle. The kid questions him about h is past deeds upon which Munny participates reluctantly. Munny remains stationery covered in a blanket throughout the whole scene. Though the lighting is brighter than the previous scene, his face is harder to see because of flickering light of the burning wood and his distance from the camera. It is hard to separate his forgiven present from damned aspects of the past. This is reinforced when they meet the prostitutes the following day. Munny gets a bout of fever and hallucinations which seems to be psychological: the threatening darkness now seems to overwhelm Munny. This is further emphasized by the mise en scene where Munny adopts a similar posture as the previous night. He seems to be hiding and his eyes are obscured by his hat and the fact that the scene is shot from above or face level. His face disappears; his halo has been replaced y shadow of darkness. The room has a smoky dim appearance and the characters seem to blend with the saloon surrounding- the brown color of the c ustoms clothing resembles those of the walls and fixtures. This depiction of saloon and Munny tries to imply the hardship in separating good from bad, aggressor from victim. In Greelys, Munny refuses Logans offer of whisky, he refuses to have coitus with a prostitute. He does not hit back soon when the sheriff attacks him. Little Bill Dagget implies that Munny belongs to men he refers: assassins and men of low character. There two camera shots when Logan asks Munny if he wants a prostitute. In the beginning, his face remains in darkness while in the second he turns little so that only one eye is in the light. He turns refusing the suggestion. However his longing may be shown by the way he gestures and silence which is echoed when he is taunted by Daggett. The sheriff rants at him: What if I was to say you were a no good, son-of-a-bitch and liar? (Groves, 2001). Three left profile camera shots are taken. Munny does not respond to this provocation with violence though, the glare on his face indicates he wanted to respond violently. This profile shots emphasize his conflicted personality. Notably, the shots prefigure him during the final shots as he confron ts and kills the brothel owner (Skinny Dubois) and the sheriff who ranted at him initially. (Groves, 2001). Film textual analysis of the film Seven Seven was released in the year 1995. It was written by Andrew Kevin Walker and David Fincher was the director. Its a horrifying, dark and intelligent thriller. As the film opens, veteran cop Lieutenant William Somerset (Morgan Freeman) is appalled by the society that embraces apathy as a virtue. After 35 year on the police force, he is six years from retirement when John Doe comes along. He meets David Mills (Brat Pitt), a young cop; together they investigate equally murders involving Greed, Lust, Gluttony, and Envy, sloth, pride and wrath. Seven takes place in an unnamed city which is rotting so fast, and places the detective in a stylized underworld. (Se7en opening scene: a textual analysis, n.d.) The film features many famous actors thus good acting skills make it somehow realistic story. Apart from what happens in the scenes, macro and micro elements, editing, sound effect, mise-en-scene and music make the scenes excellent. The camera shots, movements and angles used in the opening of the film have many extreme close ups, Dutch and high angles and still movement. The extreme close-ups show the details of torture and weaponry as emphasized during the shedding of the skin from the antagonist fingers. There images of badly mutilated people and corpses-disgusting to the audience. The Dutch angles and slanted angles emphasize the issue of spying to the audience. There is little camera movement in the beginning to ensure appreciation of what happening in the scenes by the audience which adds on the close shots. The editing of the introduction represents the characters feelings, it hides information from the audience, and it makes the audience understand what is happening in the scene. The rapid editing is to represent the characters thoughts. It implies the fact that a lot of ideas are going through his head. The use of red color overlay over the images to represent the macro element of blood, danger and death. Blurring has been made use of to hide the antagonist from the audience which creates the feeling of uneasiness to the audience. The antagonists feelings ahs also been expressed through one edit of two shots overlaid together. This idea of superimposition connotes that the character is either psychological or mental ill. Music has been used to create tension and feeling of romance by just variation in pace and tone. In seven, the music is industrial and tense with different sound effects added. This corresponds well with the editing as if things happening in the film are producing the sounds. Here is a high pitched scream that is used to show that he tortures people. We get the impression that he is feeling devious as the music becomes aggravating and jumpy. The mise-en-scene creates tension in the audience. There dull colors of brown, grey and white with no inviting colors like blue or pink. He however uses the color red which stands out among the other dull colors. Red shows blood or signifies death which is what the plot is all about. Though out the whole introduction, the character is making scrapbooks about the people he has tortured and killed. The whole idea of serial killer is quite disturbing as evidenced by the scrap book which contains sepia colors to make them look old. There element of weaponry as evidenced by use of scissors he uses to cut up his gruesome images, the books plus the needle he uses to attach the pages together. The extreme close up of tea bag dissolving in hot water like blood color gives the impression of danger and death. In one part of the opening, the word GOD is upside down to give the ideology of antichrist/ anti-religion. This is also seen in another seen where the word GOD is cut out. There is casts of shadows due to poor lighting and this creates fear- darkness. The idea of violence, death and suffering has been well illustrated in this film. (Se7en opening scene: a textual analysis, n.d.).

Louisa May Alcott Bio :: essays research papers

Louisa May Alcott Biography Best remembered for her books about the March family, especially her children’s masterpiece, Little Women, Alcott also wrote sensational novels and thrillers for adults. She was a very creative, difficult, and willful girl who was both moody and loyal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Born in Germantown, Pennsylvania on November 29, 1832, Louisa was the second daughter of Abby May and Amos Bronson Alcott. Being one of four sisters, who were Anna Bronson, Elizabeth Sewall, and Abba May, the Alcott sisters had a very happy childhood. The Alcotts went through a series of moves, weither they were from one house to another in the same town, while others were from town to town, this was only a beginning of what was to continue throughout Louisa’s life. Her father, Bronson, was a transcendentalist thinker and writer who refused to take work that was not related to education or philosophy, which had the family commuting due to where he would be employed, which he rarely had been. Rather than being a step up for the family, these changes were just a step down, for the family had to depend on the generosity of others. Living in Concord, Massachusetts with friends and neighbors, Louisa’s father committed his time to educating his four daughters being that he wa s unemployed. Bronson could not be relied upon to support the family, which led her to live a pretty fugal life for his inability to keep a steady job. The plainness of their clothes, food, and home never seemed to bother them, but the issue of money was a constant source of worry for Louisa. She saw it as her mission in life to support her family. In her early teens she began to work with her sister Anna as governesses to increase the small earnings of their father. Then by her early twenties, she was writing and getting paid for it. The death of her younger sister and marriage of her older were very traumatic experiences, and to fill the void left by their absence, and to seek some purpose in life and participate in the Civil War, Alcott became an army nurse in Washington, D.C. After six weeks she got typhoid fever, from which she never fully recovered and left her permanently weakened, a condition that got worse with age. After the war Alcott began Little Women in 1868, along wit h all the gothic thrillers, which brought in money for the family.

Geothermal energy

Environmental Ecology 25, October, 2013 Geothermal Energy Geothermal Energy is energy that is made from heat and comes from the interior of the earth. Just about everywhere the earth keeps a constant temperature of 50 and 60 degrees and heating pumps can tap into this and use this heat. This type of energy also doesn't produce the greenhouse gases, which harm the earth. The biggest reason I can think of to use this type of energy is that it is a renewable resource that will never quit producing because earth is a 365, day a year energy source.In the winter, geothermal energy can be a huge help because these heating pumps can actually pump heat from the earth through pipes to your homes air delivering system, this can also be reversed in the summer where the heat is actually pumped from inside your house toa heat exchanger. When this happens you can actually use this heat for hot water. When using geothermal energy you it doesn't produce harmful gases that the burning of fossil fuels causes. Instead it only produces a vapor that is harmless to the earth.These geothermal plants are also powered by streams, and nothing from the lant needs to be transported to another location because the source and everything needed is right under the feet of the plant. Right now pollution is thought of as a serious problem, and with how much money there is put into a cleaner earth, you would think they would use it for geothermal plants. This type of energy source is renewable, they have done studies that show that even with constant extraction process of heat from the earth, it still wouldn't effect the earth or run out of heat.The absolute only way we would run out is if the core of he earth turned cold. And if this happened we would have much more problems than producing energy on earth. A lot of people would expect this to be expensive but its actually cheaper than your standard fossil fuel systems in homes. It costs less to install. And energy bills are cut in half, accordin g to a woman that has owned one for about a year. With this system in your house they say it will have paid for itself in the first 10 years of owning one. Not only is the cost of this low, but it would eliminate our dependency on foreign oil which would be a huge plus. Geothermal energy Environmental Ecology 25, October, 2013 Geothermal Energy Geothermal Energy is energy that is made from heat and comes from the interior of the earth. Just about everywhere the earth keeps a constant temperature of 50 and 60 degrees and heating pumps can tap into this and use this heat. This type of energy also doesn't produce the greenhouse gases, which harm the earth. The biggest reason I can think of to use this type of energy is that it is a renewable resource that will never quit producing because earth is a 365, day a year energy source.In the winter, geothermal energy can be a huge help because these heating pumps can actually pump heat from the earth through pipes to your homes air delivering system, this can also be reversed in the summer where the heat is actually pumped from inside your house toa heat exchanger. When this happens you can actually use this heat for hot water. When using geothermal energy you it doesn't produce harmful gases that the burning of fossil fuels causes. Instead it only produces a vapor that is harmless to the earth.These geothermal plants are also powered by streams, and nothing from the lant needs to be transported to another location because the source and everything needed is right under the feet of the plant. Right now pollution is thought of as a serious problem, and with how much money there is put into a cleaner earth, you would think they would use it for geothermal plants. This type of energy source is renewable, they have done studies that show that even with constant extraction process of heat from the earth, it still wouldn't effect the earth or run out of heat.The absolute only way we would run out is if the core of he earth turned cold. And if this happened we would have much more problems than producing energy on earth. A lot of people would expect this to be expensive but its actually cheaper than your standard fossil fuel systems in homes. It costs less to install. And energy bills are cut in half, accordin g to a woman that has owned one for about a year. With this system in your house they say it will have paid for itself in the first 10 years of owning one. Not only is the cost of this low, but it would eliminate our dependency on foreign oil which would be a huge plus.

Outline the Ways in Which Rubbish Can Be Said to Have Value in a Consumer Society Essay

Shopping is an important part of the modern consumer lifestyle. It is enjoyed as a social activity and is about identity and expression as much as the usefulness of the purchase. People define themselves not only by their jobs, but also by their possessions and the things they own. Rubbish is only considered rubbish because people disvalue it. People want it to be invisible; once the rubbish goes out for collection, it can be forgotten. However, consumer society does value rubbish as value is personal and is never fixed. It can change over time and become re-valued again whether economically or aesthetically or both. This essay will look at the ways in which rubbish is valued in a consumer society by outlining consumption and the increase in rubbish, Bauman’s theory of the seduced and the repressed; Environmental & Economic value and Thompson’s Rubbish Theory. Rubbish per household has increased over the years. Between 1957- 2006, household rubbish had risen by 28%. (Brown, 2009, p.107) This could be attributed to a rise in affluence and the availability of credit, which enables more people to participate in consumer society. Disposable income increases the likelihood of people spending on luxury goods rather than just the essentials. Other possible factors are the increase in mass consumption during that period; shops offer lower prices and more choice. People also eat more; use more services; and buy more clothes and white goods. 9% of total expenditure was spent on services in 1957, compared to 25% in 2006 (which includes personal goods; household and leisure services) (Brown, 2009, p.110) and data collected by the Office of National Statistics (ONS) (Hetherington, 2009, p.23) shows that the average household spends more on recreation and culture (luxuries) than non-alcohol and food (essentials). Although the data cannot take every circumstance into account, it does suggest that as people became more affluent over the years, the amount of money spent on luxuries increased and with affluence and choice people tend to dispose of items more readily then they would have 50 years ago. Consumers can feel pressured to keep up with the latest trends. The constant changes in fashion and technology encourage people to upgrade their goods before the lifespan of the existing item has expired. It gives them a sense of worth in society, as it helps them to fit into a certain lifestyle. The data supports Bauman’s theory (Hetherington, 2009, p.26) that being a part of consumer society helps people to establish identity and self expression. It also reflects a lifestyle that others might aspire to. He calls these people the seduced, as they have the means and the desire to consume effectively and are therefore valued in society. In contrast, the repressed, who may not be able to consume as effectively due to a lack of income, age or disability for example; can feel excluded from the consumer society. However, these categories are interchangeable and people can move between the two categories. The result of consumption is waste, and increased consumption equals an increase in rubbish. It could be argued that the seduced, being the more active consumers, are more likely to create the most rubbish, due to their greater consumer habits. Regardless of this, eventually all of the items, food and appliances that we consume end up as rubbish and it needs to be dealt with. Despite rubbish generally being viewed as negative, some people view it positively. There are people whose business is rubbish and therefore, it is of value to them economically, such as, restoration and re-sale or a large company profiting from its disposal. Rubbish collecting can also be a resourceful hobby. A discarded item from a skip or the dump can be salvaged or restored and made into an item of value again, whether it’s use value, aesthetic value or both. Environmentalists also value rubbish by pursuing a ‘greener’ lifestyle. Recently, the Government has put more emphasis on environmental issues and it has made people more aware of the impact they are having on the planet. Although reducing consumption would be the obvious answer; in the meantime, reuse & recycling schemes and fortnightly rubbish collections have encouraged people to consider the value of rubbish and the environment. The UK is still a poor performer when compared with other European countries and although there is still a long way to go, recycling has increased. Information provided by Defra, 2007 (Brown, 2009, p.117) shows that the percentage of total rubbish recycled has steadily increased. In 1983/4 the rate of rubbish recycled was 1% compared to 31% in 2006/7. Although the total amount of rubbish also increased during earlier years, as of 2003/4, the amount of rubbish began to decrease as the rate of recycling increased. Due to the increase in environmental awareness, rubbish has become valued by people who want to contribute to a greener, more environmentally friendly lifestyle. Being environmentally friendly has also become about identity and image, and it has become a positive social attribute. However, it is not just environmental issues that give rubbish value. The downturn in the economy has prompted people to re-use and re-sell their unwanted items instead of throwing them away. Mobile phones can be recycled for money and various unwanted items can be sold on with the aid of local newspapers and internet auction sites. While one person is disposing of their rubbish for profit, someone else is gaining something that they value. In Thompson’s ‘Rubbish Theory’ (Brown, 2009, p.122) he explains how some items considered as rubbish can evolve and gain value again. He suggests that some items can move from the transient category (items produced for use) via rubbish (items that become of little or zero value) into the durable category (where value increases over time) and be valued again. When an object moves from transient to durable its value first drops before it begins to rise again. Thompson’s example of this would be Stevengraphs (Brown, 2009, p.124). Thomas Stevens made a profitable business by selling his silkworks in the 1800’s, but by the mid twentieth century, they had become almost valueless. Over time the items became collector’s pieces and their value began to rise. This example shows that value is not fixed; an item can lose or gain value over time. Thompson suggests that one of the reasons for this rise and fall is because of supply and demand (Brown, 2009, p.126). From a collectors perspective, buying a Stevengraph when the supply was plentiful compared to the demand, meant that it could be purchased relatively cheaply. As the supply diminished over the years, the remaining pieces became rare and therefore more valuable to the collectors. When the demand outweighs the supply, it results in an increase in price and value. To conclude, it can be said that rubbish has value in a consumer society. Although generally viewed negatively, it does have value to a number of different people. Rubbish is valuable to people who work in the waste industry and gain profit or wages from it. Environmentalists’ value rubbish as it helps them to contribute to an environmentally friendly lifestyle by reusing and recycling. And people suffering in the economic downturn have found a new way to value rubbish, by selling it on and buying items second hand in order to save money, which consequently, saves on waste. Finally, Thompson suggests that rubbish can be re-valued as items move from the transient category via rubbish, into the durable category where its value rises again.

An exploration into the role of social group stereotyping in teen movies with particular reference to Wild Child 2008 Essay Example

An exploration into the role of social group stereotyping in teen movies with particular reference to Wild Child 2008 Essay Example An exploration into the role of social group stereotyping in teen movies with particular reference to Wild Child 2008 Essay An exploration into the role of social group stereotyping in teen movies with particular reference to Wild Child 2008 Essay Essay Topic: Call of the Wild Dubliners Into the Wild Thirteen Reasons Why Wild An exploration into the role of social group stereotyping in teen movies with particular reference to Wild Child 2008 A stereotype is the preconceived assumption about an individuals characteristics, which place them in a particular group in society. Stereotyping usually forms the basis of prejudice and discrimination not only racial, gender and sexuality but in sub-stereotyping such as the jocks, plastics and geeks as demonstrated in countless teen films. It is a form of social consensus rather than individual judgments and is subconsciously practised by everyone, right or wrong, its inescapable. Walter Lippmann argued that seeing through stereotypes (which he coined in this specific meaning) subjected us to partial truths. 1. The teen sitcom, Saved By The Bell features a typical group of high school stereotypes such as a class clown (Zack Morris), a jock (A.C. Slater), a nerd (Samuel Screech Powers), a cheerleader (Kelly Kapowski), a feminist (Jessie Spano), and a superficial fashion plate (Lisa Turtle) 2 Representation is the artificial versions of the reality we perceive around us; the messages and ideas we interpret from an image / sound. Representation began with early literary theory in the ideas of Plato and Aristotle, Mitchell says representation is an extremely elastic notion, which extends all the way from a stone representing a man to a novel representing the day in the life of several Dubliners3. Semiotic study refers to the meaning of signs and media uses this method to influence the audiences reading of the text. In the teen-pic such signs used are the glasses, the high-wasted-ankle-bashing trousers with braces, slicked down hair unflattering clothing and spots for the geek as shown in Not another Teen Movie directed by Joel Gallen released in 2002 parodies almost 30 popular teen movies. There is no plot to the film, simply a mixture of clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s and other classic moments and a common use of conventions from previous teen pictures. Chyler Leigh as Janey Brigs is a nerd who wears glasses paint splattered overalls and a simplistic hair style, who is later transformed into a prom beauty. The director uses this iconography to establish their characters clearly. The teen movie, also referred to as teenpic and teen film, is a sub-genre, which is targeted at teenagers in which the narrative is based upon the special interests of young adults. One of the first teenpic began in 1955 rebel without a cause this was the first time society came to understand that teenagers (young adults) existed. In 1990, Rebel Without a Cause was added to the preserved films of the United States Library of Congresss National Film Registry as being deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant4 The stories, of what most teenpics are about, are known by theorists as the liminal experience (Adrian Martin 1994). The period suggesting, Frozen teenage time between childhood and adulthood. Over the years the teen movie has merged with other genres: 1970s saw one of the most famous musical films ever Grease followed in the 1980s by Dirty Dancing and more recent High School Musical. In addition to musicals the teen-horror hybrid has emerged, the craze starte d in the last 1970s with Halloween. This exploits the teenage market as a mass audience by not being an enclosed genre and conforming to what constitutes a popular culture at that contemporary time. Wild Child 2008 is a contemporary teenage movie, directed by Nick Moore starring Emma Roberts as Poppy Moore, Alex Pettyfer as Freddie Kingsley and Natasha Richardson as Mrs. Kingsley. Institutionally Wild Child was released in the U.K on August 15 taking 5th place at the box office with $2,196,366 from 359 theatres. In its 4th weekend, it dropped to 12th place.5 Todorovs theory can be applied to Wild Child, as it can to most modern teenpics, because of the narratives equilibrium, disequilibrium and new equilibrium. The narrative explores the life of a spoilt American teenager living the high life in the USA (equilibrium) who is sent to an upper-class private boarding school for girls. Naturally Poppy rebels against the regime as she struggles to find a way to get herself expelled. (Disequilibrium). After numerous failed attempts the ultimate route to expulsion appears to lie in seducing the headmistresss son: Freddie. But as the time of her expulsion draws ever closer and Poppy star ts to settle in and make friends her motives change as she becomes aware of the person she wants to be. (New equilibrium). Wild Child differs somewhat from a lot of teen-pics because the characters are less caricature than those found in a typical, most often American, teen film. The friendship groups do not seem as conventionally defined as most, such as in Mean Girls. It appears to be aimed at the younger teen because of the mild language and absence of strong sexual content and only holds a certificate rating of PG-13, whereas the majority of films are targeted at the late teens and have a certificate rating of 15 18. The director may have seen this gap in the market and created Wild Child specifically for the younger adolescence. The filming on Wild Child does not draw attention to itself however different lighting and colour is used in the beginning of the film of that used later. When Poppy is living her pampered life in Los Angeles the lighting appears artificial being very bright with exaggerated colours and picturesque mis en scene of the beach. Everyones clothes are rich in colour along with a brilliant bright blue sky and ocean, which reflects the perfect weather and lifestyle Poppy had. This is juxtaposed by the grey mundane boarding school of Abbey Mount. The lighting becomes much more natural and colours are less obvious and this conveys realism. The film language supports Poppy as a character, in L.A she chose to wear lots of makeup and long blonde extensions, her attitude was bitchy and spoilt and she was saturated with luxuries that she did not appreciate. Moving to England her personality transformed from worshiping her cell phone to realising her over-dependence on materialistic objects and bec oming honest and true to her friends changing her hair colour to a more subtle brown and ditching the make up. Her character had changed to more down to earth because of the social crowd she was integrating with. The ideology present in the middle of the film touches on body consciousness and image obsession of young girls which is one of societies most talked about issues. A nationwide survey of more than 10,000 adolescents, published in the August issue of Pediatrics, reports a high rate of concern about body image in both boys and girls.6 Poppy asks her friends whether she is hot to trot she tans and cries when she discover ..new season of Gucci in her suitcase is soaking wet. Other ideas along with this include love and relationships, the decline of the nuclear family and rebellion. In the United States of America, the third most populous nation, just under 25% of family units are considered nuclear families.7 The ideology used represents the current social context in which it is set and this is to ensure the teenpic genre is continually renewed to accommodate to its changing audiences. In addition to larger scaled present-day matters Wild Child also taps into individual characters dilemmas of coping with change and social integration between the sub-groups of a high school; worries of how to conform in order to be perceived as one of them. This personal ideology allows the audience to identify with characters. Bullying between social groups has always been a problem in high schools and this is represented in the teenpic. Rebel Without a Cause demonstrates this when Plato, an outsider whom is confused between reality and his own lies but strives for companionship, is rejected by everyone at college and picked on by Buzzs popular bunch. In the 1950s the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States broke out and McCarthyism may have been a factor affecting the inclusion of conflict bullying and violence in the movie. Name calling chicken and even knives were drawn in the beginning of the film followed later by police chases, guns and results in Platos death . McCarthyism was a widespread social and cultural phenomenon that affected all levels of society and was the source of a great deal of debate and conflict in the United States.8 With reference to Wild Child Poppy uses email to bully her friends. Cyber-bullying is a growing issue affecting many teenagers all over the world because of social network sites such as Facebook and Bebo and MSN messenger and email. 42% of kids have been bullied while online. One in four has had it happen more than once 9; and because of this a national anti-bullying week has been held every year since 2005. Teenagers watch teen films for a number of reasons. I think the audiences of teenpics are actively using the text for their particular needs (uses and gratifications theory): Affective needs for entertainment, particularly humor. For example American Pie a successful comedy teen hybrid, dependant on the awkward sex scenes and embarrassment of a high school group for complete hilarity. Also the audience use these films for cognitive needs, to acquire information and understanding of other teens of similar age that come from different cultures. I think teen movies make empathising with others outside of your own social group for youths easier, as many films home into how the under-dog feels i.e. the geek in the teenpic. For example an audience member who falls under the popular category at their own school when watching a teen-pic such as Never Been Kissed and identifying with Josie Gellar who was mocked teased and rejected her whole high school life. Never Been Kissed directed by Raja Gosnell in 1999 is a story about a copy editor from the Chicago Sun Times who is sent undercover to her old high school to find out about what teenagers are like. The film language unveils Josies tormented past through the use of flashbacks. As an audience we are able to understand other peoples emotions in situations unfamiliar to us through their perspective. In contrast an audience may watch a teen movie for self identity. Idolising celebrities and aspiring to be like them, and visualising themselves as that character. A student studying dance is likely to select a dance / teen movie such as Bring it on, Save the Last Dance, Honey and Stomp the Yard because the audience have similar interests and may look, be or act like the character in the film. Wild Child addresses issues which most closely affect the younger teen audience. The film is set in England and so it is most likely to attract an English audience. Following the repertoire of elements for the teen-pic genre the common narratives usually include the high school prom Carrie, the geek becoming popular Thirteen, falling in love High School Musical, loosing of virginity American Pie and getting into college. Generally they follow Todorovs theory with a linear narrative. Teen-pics generally have a feel good happy ending. The popular girls get punished, the geek seeks justice and theres always the ugly girl who falls in-love, Shes All That. A lot of teen films leave the ending inconclusive and produce sequels such as Final Destination 2000 a horror-teen hybrid, there are now four of these movies. The first Final Destination was released before the plane crash attacks of 9/11 in America so was not based on theses events regardless of it being about a premonition about a plane crash. The topical issues and ideology make up the genre of teen. Drugs are commonly present in teen-pics for example Thirteen 2004 directed by Catherine Hardwicke is about a thirteen-year-old girls relationship with her mother is put to the test as she discovers drugs, sex, and petty crime in the company of her cool but troubled best friend. Smoking, snorting cocaine and misuse of solvents all take place during the film. The sickly green wash of the filming and the use of an unsteady hand held camera towards the end of the narrative creates an uneasy trippy feel representing the characters perspective of life. A survey by the World Health Organization reveals that one in three 15 year olds have had sex, two out of three have been drunk and one in three has tried cannabis.10 Thirteen reflects these shocking statistics, as impressionable Tracey finds herself in these situations when peer pressure takes over. The setting is usually at the high school or the shopping mall and other popular teenage hang out points. For example the fairground in Grease. In Wild Child Poppy spends a day raiding the charity shops in the local town near Abbey Mount School with some of her new friends, during this scene Poppys rebellious side is reflected when she purchases alcohol at just 16. The other girls are so impressed by this they adopt her behaviour and attend the evenings disco very drunk wearing outrageous outfits. The stock characters used in teen movies distinguish the teen genre. The archetypical characters rely heavily on cultural types to reflect realism of a high school but in an exaggerated way; this enables the audience to instantly form an opinion and have ready expectations about the role a particular character will play because of previous existing characters. Mean Girls introduces the Plastics, Regina George, Gretchen Wieners and Karen Smith. Dressed all in pink, pristine hair and perfect physique with their artificial smiles, the audience at once understand that they are the mean popular / cheerleader type who every girl in school hates but aspires to be like. The girls are referred to as Plastics which reflects todays societys cosmetic surgery obsession. It is leaked out in the film that Regina has had a nose job and her mother, breast implants. In 2003, more than 223,000 cosmetic procedures were performed on patients 18 years of age or younger and almost 39,000 were surgical proc edures such as nose reshaping, breast lifts, breast augmentation, liposuction, and tummy tucks. Every high school has its own social structure with the Jocks and the Cheerleaders top of the hierarchy and the nerds and band geeks at the bottom and this is why directors use them in their text. To make one teen pic unlike another a unique character who doesnt fall typically into a social stereotypical group. Usually being the central protagonist this character is the peace-maker and do-gooder. Lyndsay Lohan in Mean Girls 2004 directed by Mark Waters plays Cady Heron a girl who grew up in Africa and homeschooled, moves to the USA to attend the last year of high school. She didnt really fit into any category and just seemed like a regular teenager and not a Hollywood manufactured archetype. She befriends a socially excluded Goth and bullied gay boy and then slowly transforms into one of the Plastic cliques. Later good comes out of evil when she returns back to her old self and the girls are confronted by their victims. Cady played the interesting character which makes each teen pic individual. Other archetypes include the sexually active bad geeks, jocks, the hot foreign exchange student. In Wild Child Harriet explains the Abbey Mount hierarchy: There is a hierarchy: Teachers, prefects, scholars, dogs, vermin and Americans this differs somewhat to the American high school structure. The iconography of typical teen-pics comprise of cars, books, rucksacks, featuring cafeterias, the gymnasium clothes shops and classrooms as the mis en scene. Almost all have the classic social stereotyping of the students. Each of the sub-groups has an expected location in the school. The tables in the cafeteria will be separated, occupied by one social group at each, little communication occurs between one table and the next. The jocks will have possession over the gymnasium and the basketball courts the music room always crowded by band geeks the girls toilets made unavailable by a row of plastics re-applying their lipstick and a group of cheerleaders ogling the football players on the school field. Conclusively social group stereotyping has played a leading role in the success of the teenpic spanning over decades. They allow directors to establish their genre through these archetypical characters and assist an audience in forming ready ideas about the role they are going to play. As and audience it is in our preference to witness the reoccurrence of the stereotypes identified in a high school because it reflects a reality and allows us to empathise with a character that in life we see and ignore everyday. It provides excellent opportunities for directors to produce parodies on the teen-pic such as Not another Teen Movie because of all the humorous spoofs available to include; and most teens enjoy humour. Although the social structure in teen films has always been present, the characters themselves have evolved with time. The bullies in Rebel Without a Cause differ slightly to the kind of bully we expect to find in a more contemporary teenpic and with this being the case, I thin k the use of social group stereotypes will never tire.

Free Essays on A Biblical Theology Of The Pastoral Role

In Search of the Shepherd: A Biblical Theology of the Pastoral Role As a college student, I find that the one question asked of me most frequently is, â€Å"What is your major?† At first I thought it was quite normal to respond that I was pursuing a pastoral major at Moody Bible Institute. But after going through this routine a hundred times, I have come to the conclusion that no one has any idea what I am talking about when I use the word â€Å"pastor†. The responses are extremely varied. â€Å"You mean you’re gonna be a priest?† or, â€Å"There’s a school for that sort of thing?† or, â€Å"You’re already a pastor, we’re all pastors in the Lord† and even, â€Å"Your father must have been a minister, right?† Clearly, this world has become very confused about the role and nature of the pastor. The previous conversations were mostly with unbelievers, and I think we can cut them some slack on their ignorance of the church. It would be my hope that when we turn our attention to the church, we would find a better understanding of who the pastor is to be. But as many know, this is far from the truth. It seems that every church I walk into has a radically different definition of the word pastor. At first I was tempted to shrug this off as a matter of personality differences. But I find that many church leaders are following the examples of other prominent Bible teachers, going out of their way to â€Å"overcome† their own personalities in order to emulate what they view as a â€Å"good pastor†. Any book about pastoral ministry today will report the current trend toward pragmatism in ministry: If it seems to work, then it must be the right way to do things. Every Christian today has opportunities to view and experience ministry from the most thriving churches in the country through radio, television, videos, and magazines. Great pressure comes upon our church leaders through this. People from their congregations learn abou... Free Essays on A Biblical Theology Of The Pastoral Role Free Essays on A Biblical Theology Of The Pastoral Role In Search of the Shepherd: A Biblical Theology of the Pastoral Role As a college student, I find that the one question asked of me most frequently is, â€Å"What is your major?† At first I thought it was quite normal to respond that I was pursuing a pastoral major at Moody Bible Institute. But after going through this routine a hundred times, I have come to the conclusion that no one has any idea what I am talking about when I use the word â€Å"pastor†. The responses are extremely varied. â€Å"You mean you’re gonna be a priest?† or, â€Å"There’s a school for that sort of thing?† or, â€Å"You’re already a pastor, we’re all pastors in the Lord† and even, â€Å"Your father must have been a minister, right?† Clearly, this world has become very confused about the role and nature of the pastor. The previous conversations were mostly with unbelievers, and I think we can cut them some slack on their ignorance of the church. It would be my hope that when we turn our attention to the church, we would find a better understanding of who the pastor is to be. But as many know, this is far from the truth. It seems that every church I walk into has a radically different definition of the word pastor. At first I was tempted to shrug this off as a matter of personality differences. But I find that many church leaders are following the examples of other prominent Bible teachers, going out of their way to â€Å"overcome† their own personalities in order to emulate what they view as a â€Å"good pastor†. Any book about pastoral ministry today will report the current trend toward pragmatism in ministry: If it seems to work, then it must be the right way to do things. Every Christian today has opportunities to view and experience ministry from the most thriving churches in the country through radio, television, videos, and magazines. Great pressure comes upon our church leaders through this. People from their congregations learn abou...

6 Foreign Expressions You Should Know

6 Foreign Expressions You Should Know 6 Foreign Expressions You Should Know 6 Foreign Expressions You Should Know By Daniel Scocco Whether you like it or not, foreign expressions represent an integral part of the English language (and of many other languages, too). Knowing the meaning and usage of the most used ones is very important. First of all because it will enable you to understand pieces of text that include them. Secondly, because you might also need to use those expressions on particular situations (avoid using them just to sound smart though). Below you will find 6 foreign expressions commonly used in English, enjoy! 1. De Facto De facto is a Latin expression that means â€Å"actual† (if used as an adjective) or â€Å"in practice† (if used as an adverb). In legal terms, de facto is commonly used in contrast to de jure, which means â€Å"by law.† Something, therefore, can emerge either de facto (by practice) or de jure (by law). And what of the plastic red bench, which has served as his de facto home for the last 15 years and must by now be a collectors item? (NY Times) 2. VisVis The literal meaning of this French expression is â€Å"face to face† (used as an adverb). It is used more widely as a preposition though, meaning â€Å"compared with† or â€Å"in relation to.† Its going to be a huge catalyst in moving the whole process forward and it really strengthens the U.S. position vis-a-vis our trading partners (Yahoo! News) 3. Status quo This famous Latin expression means the current or existing state of affairs. If something changes the status quo, it is changing the way things presently are. Bush believes that the status quo the presence in a sovereign country of a militant group with missiles capable of hitting a U.S. ally is unacceptable. (Washington Post) 4. Cul-de-sac This expression was originated in England by French-speaking aristocrats. Literally it means â€Å"bottom of a sack,† but generally it refers to a dead-end street. Cul-de-sac can also be used metaphorically to express an action that leads to nowhere or an impasse. But the code of omerta was in effect for two carloads of fans circling the cul-de-sac to have a look at the house. (Reuters.com) A cul-de-sac of poverty (The Economist) 5. Per se Per se is a Latin expression that means â€Å"by itself† or â€Å"intrinsically.† The mistake it made with the Xbox is that there is no game console market per se; there are PlayStation, GameCube, and Xbox markets. (PCMag.com) 6. Ad hoc Ad hoc, borrowed from the Latin, can be used both as an adjective, where it means â€Å"formed or created with a specific purpose,† and as an adverb, where it means â€Å"for the specific purpose or situation.† The World Banks board on Friday ordered an ad hoc group to discuss the fate of President Paul Wolfowitz (CNN) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 10150 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)How Many Sentences in a Paragraph?

Media Industries Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Industries - Assignment Example Most of the listeners are enticed to share their opinion in the debate/ongoing conversation by either phone calls to the TV/Radio channel or post their viewpoints on the blogs/websites next issues been discussed. Checking updates: Since people are not always in their homes, online social networking has become a trending fashion. Using computer and smart phone gadgets readers/ viewers can enhance their engagement habit. It is common for people to keen checking for news updates either at time intervals for hourly or daily postings, which also give them an opportunity to comment or offer their feedback (Cameroon, 2011). Other fascinating behaviors: Most times you would witness those watching news with you mimic the voices from a news video clip, because it captured their attention or felt ridiculous. Children are good in such cases. Also laughing and getting emotional for sensitive news clip. Multiple media are necessary to ensure a broad range of geographical regions and people are kept well informed and have various options which they can actively use to engage with the news. This would help the society to participate making decisions and in solving problems in society by offering their opinions and feedbacks to tangible issues. How do such technologies as Netflix and (illegal?) downloads affect our social habits? Do you ever binge-watch or do you watch your preferred programs in a weekly manner? How do these different methods alter your experience of the program? Several years ago, people had still been using DVDs and video cassettes to watch movies and other recorded clips they desired. Netflix technology use of latest streaming model continue to attract millions of people to subscribe for the service, from which they can stream movies/shows in real time. Netfix technology facilitates production of contents and distribution, but also has a

The views of young South- Asian males and females have changed around Essay

The views of young South- Asian males and females have changed around the issue of marriage - Essay Example The marriages in general can essentially be conducted following two norms, arranged marriage and love marriage. There is another type of marriage, known as love-arranged marriage, the type beyond the scope of this pilot study. Arranged marriage refers to the kind of marriage in which parents select prospective spouse for their children with the consideration of the family values, culture, education, occupation and social compatibility (Nanda, 1995). On the other hand, love marriages can be seen as a means in which the prospective spouses themselves take the decision to stay together irrespective of their corresponding family concern. In South-Asian context, the last decades of the twentieth century has brought an increasing radical shift in changing the perspective of marriage pattern and corresponding decision-making policy. The aim of the study is to find out the views of young South-Asian males and females on marriage, to find out whether there are any gender differences in approa ch and to find out reasons accounting for the differences. In Asian context, especially in South-Asia, the arrangement in the changes of socio-cultural and socioeconomic pattern have facilitated the increasing acceptance of â€Å"freedom of choice† among young individuals in terms of changing from arranged marriage to self-selected or love marriage (Tsuya, 2001). The current study is focusing on finding out to what extent self-selected marriage or love marriage is desirable and the changing pattern of attitude for the selection of partner by the candidate himself or herself or still left for the parents to settle on for the children to follow. However, the radical shift from arranged marriage to love marriage being observed especially during last decades suggests the possible link between dowry system and arrangement of marriage system. The change in the attitude governing the dowry system, central to the arranged marriage, may act to be responsible for, or

Discuss an issue in the news that has local, national or international Essay

Discuss an issue in the news that has local, national or international importance, and has importance to you - Essay Example Climate change is an issue that must be addressed sooner than soon. This paper is presented in support of all actions taken to curb climate change especially in the context of global warming. Elements of global warming and climate change dictate levels of sustainable development, agricultural production, economic growth and development as well current environmental welfare. These four factors are interrelated in the international context, thereby influencing the general welfare of the world. Sustainable development is entirely based on the environmental performance of any given country (Faucheux 17). It presents a scenario that accounts for the welfare of the current population as well as the generations to come. Sustainable development therefore links the present to the future. â€Å"The fundamental aspects of sustainable development cannot be refuted† (Faucheux 229). Meeting the current needs of the society has been challenged by the direction that environmental welfare has taken. On the same note, environmental degradation seems to exacerbate by the count of time. This process has given rise to the current trend of global warming, the main contributing element to climate change. The media through reporting and discussion of this issue has emphasized on the need to keep vigil about climate change trends in the world. Many forums have been held across the world in a bid to deliberate on the matters of climate change. This activity is not only aimed at making the national and internationals comfortable, knowing that climate change has been managed. Such purposes are pursued in the light of achieving some other set goals and objectives which are greatly influenced by these facts. Sustainable development is diverse and dynamic in the context of its analysis. It integrates social, political and economic factors in determining just how much it has been achieved. It therefore goes beyond the thought that

Nature and Role of Women in Victorian America Essay

Nature and Role of Women in Victorian America - Essay Example Moreover, as for the women living in the United States of America during the Victorian Age, it was a matter of struggle for the fair sex to establish their rights on the society and find out their ways of living. Despite countless restrains imposed on them by society at large, the Victorian women in America exhibited a degree of tenacity and strength of will that significantly redefining the socio-economic role of women for generations to come. It is both naive and unsound to divorce the condition of women in Victorian America from the condition of women in the Europe. The Victorian American women ventured their ways in the new found land with almost the same grace as they did in the European continent. However, the conditions in the US were all the more challenging for women. Home and a new world far away from the culture and society they knew - these were the immediate surroundings that they found themselves in. Their husbands were in search of prospect in the new land. Feeling of distanced from their roots was very disturbing. America was still largely rural, and daughters (much like sons till the turn of the 18th century) were still considered to be commodity possessions. The more farm hands a family had the more usage could they make from the available land. On the one hand, those women had to handle the household jobs and on the other they had to cope with the alien world outside their homes. Belonging mostly to middle class stature, the young ladies of the Victorian era were brought up within the strict boundaries of thankless domestic chores, spending their time in needle work and managing the kitchen (Plante, P.2) with no regard to their inherent potentials to emerge victorious in the man's world. In spite of that, the ladies nurtured and cherished within them the forlorn hope of personal achievement and never quivered to come out of their domestic holds in times of need. The Northern part of the American continent, in particular, presented a tough challenge for the women living there. This was a place which was known for the harsh weather and other social adversities. European women were completely new to such a world. Their husbands and other members of their families were hardly by their sides when they fought against all the problems occurring in that region. Women also had to protect their religious beliefs in this completely new land. They not only handled all the household jobs but also stood by their husbands who were prospecting in different dangerous places. The experience was not a matter of joke. None of them were rich and could not afford anything they wanted. This was why women living in those parts of the country had go through a huge number of compromises. In the face of such adversity, Victorian women in America started to formulate their own ideas about living a healthy life. They created new theories regarding how to look after the household jobs and perform well as mothers, too. Denied of a place in the 'outside' world, the kitchen became the space where the Victorian American women had to explore forming newer ideas. They did not get everything they used as raw materials in the European countries. America was a new place and new ingredients crept into the kitchens resulting in cooking of new dishes. Invention of these new typically American cuisines was something for which we should give the whole credit to the housewives during this

Corporate governance and the role of executive incentives Essay

Corporate governance and the role of executive incentives - Essay Example The paper seeks to determine the role and effectiveness of executive incentives in corporate governance drive of an organization and draws the conclusions from various research findings to anchor the understanding of the concept. Inclusion of real life cases assists the application of theories in practical sense. Separating management and ownership is one problem that has always posed serious challenges for corporate form of an organization. The fundamental problem of conflict of interests where managers focusing on personal gains overlooking shareholder’s interest gets severe in loosely governed organization. Corporate governance is a tool which aims to align the interest of all parties and stakeholders in the organization and provides a strategic direction to the performance and control functions by ensuring order and decision making process are done effectively. In this regard, areas where most of the conflicts arise within an organization are related to recruitment and compensation of CEOs and top level management. Based on the above conflicts a detailed theory has been developed which is known as Agency-theory (Jensen and Meckling 1976). The theory describes various types of costs which are incurred owing to the different type of conflicts between shareholders, managers and debt owners. Agency cost is defined as the sum of monitoring cost, bonding costs and residual loss. Other two types of costs are agency cost of equity and agency costs of debt where former arise due to conflict of interests between managers and shareholders whereas latter arises due to conflict between shareholders and debt holders. Corporate governance is a system that brings more transparency and control in the organization. The approach involves setting accountabilities and linking management’s compensation with shareholder’s value. There are many mechanisms that can be applied to

Successful Music Publication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Successful Music Publication - Essay Example The keys to be successful in this venture is by analyzing different aspects of how the publication will possibly survive in competition such as this one. The competition among music publications is undoubtedly very tight, and even more imposing is the fact that so many publications have already held their ground and established their names as household names, benchmarks in the industry, namely the KERRANG, SNIFFING and NME, all of which have made names for themselves in the 1980's. It is sheer impossibility to surpass the name established by those popular magazine, it is even more difficult to get even closer, but what should be kept in mind is that is not the goal that should be hurriedly achieved. What should be the first in considerations is how to turn the heads of music blokes, along with their curiosities. Until now, KERRANG, NME and SNIFFING are still enjoying relative popularity like their other counterparts. As the researcher had earlier done, having visited the websites of the aforementioned music publications, the three of them possess almost all of the same qualities that contribute to their existence after decades. Their w Their websites are all very eye-catching, all of them are attention-grabbers because of the loud colors and enticing headlines they possess. NME, KERRANG and SNIFFING all give a chance of publicity to new artists, and yet they never neglect the great artists of yesterday along with their immortal hits. An example is the front webpage of NME dated May 12, 2007, posted is the black and white picture of the Beatles, and yet they have links to news concerning artists of this generation. That is a vivid example of how they prioritize their readership. Another aspect they share is they all have the opinion section, for the readers and website browsers to post their opinions regarding anything, about music, the magazine or the website itself, or even their suggestions. The posting of these suggestions on their sites and their print magazines is a surefire way to establish a personal relationship with the readers, making them feel that they are of utmost priority. In the aspect of the news, without the evidence of reading every issue of these magazines and their websites, the researcher noticed that their news is very well-written, especially the headlines. But they are in no way offensive to the readers and they are not even showing a hint of bias towards their posting of news. This is the proof that all music publications should by all means be honest about news, they should give sheer priority to the delivery of accurate statistics, and in-depth and yet impartial analysis of music news around the world. These three music publications have their own style and originality, shown by their mere taglines. NME has the tagline "First for Music News," while for KERRANG, it is "the world's biggest-selling weekly rock magazine." The taglines are proofs of their originality. They are still enjoying success because of the things that they have done and still doing up until today. Task 2 - Chosen Music Genre I choose pop music. Why Because virtually all music lovers are indulged in this genre, all ages,

Corporate governance and the role of executive incentives Essay

Corporate governance and the role of executive incentives - Essay Example The paper seeks to determine the role and effectiveness of executive incentives in corporate governance drive of an organization and draws the conclusions from various research findings to anchor the understanding of the concept. Inclusion of real life cases assists the application of theories in practical sense. Separating management and ownership is one problem that has always posed serious challenges for corporate form of an organization. The fundamental problem of conflict of interests where managers focusing on personal gains overlooking shareholder’s interest gets severe in loosely governed organization. Corporate governance is a tool which aims to align the interest of all parties and stakeholders in the organization and provides a strategic direction to the performance and control functions by ensuring order and decision making process are done effectively. In this regard, areas where most of the conflicts arise within an organization are related to recruitment and compensation of CEOs and top level management. Based on the above conflicts a detailed theory has been developed which is known as Agency-theory (Jensen and Meckling 1976). The theory describes various types of costs which are incurred owing to the different type of conflicts between shareholders, managers and debt owners. Agency cost is defined as the sum of monitoring cost, bonding costs and residual loss. Other two types of costs are agency cost of equity and agency costs of debt where former arise due to conflict of interests between managers and shareholders whereas latter arises due to conflict between shareholders and debt holders. Corporate governance is a system that brings more transparency and control in the organization. The approach involves setting accountabilities and linking management’s compensation with shareholder’s value. There are many mechanisms that can be applied to

Business Impact Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Impact Analysis - Essay Example In this scenario, BIA is based on a critical assumption and that is every area and task of a company depends on the continuous working of every other task; however some tasks are more critical and important than others as well as need a greater investment following a failure. In addition, the BIA also determines the expenditures associated with losses, for instance substitution of equipment or machinery, loss of cash flow, loss of income, funds paid to pull alongside a backlog of work, and so on. Moreover, a BIA report also determines the significance of business tasks and processes as well as recommends suitable financial support for actions to look after them. In this scenario, BIA determines the possibilities of breakdowns or losses in terms of their influence on business revenue, safety and security, marketing and advertising, compliance, legal aspects and quality assurance. Hence, BIA can be considered as the backbone of the whole business continuity plan or, as a minimum, it sh ould be managed and controlled in the approved manner. In fact, a well-planned and well-executed BIA can formulate the differentiation between a strong, completely developed business continuity plan, and an ordinary one. Methods for Establishing Component Priorities A company can prioritize its functions and components on the basis of their criticality. In this scenario, critical applications and systems are used in the processing of sensitive information. In addition, the applications and systems that an organization uses to process sensitive information can be prioritized as: Critical: Critical business applications and systems are believed to be the highest priority functions for the reason that they have highest impact on an organization’s potential and processes for recovery.... sensitive information can be prioritized as: Critical: Critical business applications and systems are believed to be the highest priority functions for the reason that they have highest impact on an organization’s potential and processes for recovery. Additionally, human resources of an organization are fully aware of these critical processes within their department. In addition, the solution is to collect all necessary information and build up a complete look at their critical applications and process from the company’s point of view. For instance, they should determine that what applications and processes must be present for their organization to run a business? Hence, these processes must be recovered to sustain as close to regular operation as possible. In this scenario, the highest permissible time limit is determined in hours (Pabrai, 2013; ttgtMedia, 2007). Essential: Every organization has some functions which lie between critical and important, hence for these business functions organizations can decide to make use of a central kind that can be acknowledged as â€Å"vital† or â€Å"essential.† Though, it is difficult to distinguish between critical and vital functions but an organization can choose that certain processes are completely critical and others are very significant and they should be handled soon after the critical processes. In this scenario, vital business processes can comprise several business aspects such as payroll, which is not a critical business function in terms of being capable of getting the business support and operating right away however these functions can be significant to the organization’s capability to work further than the disaster recovery phase. These business processes should be recovered immediately when resources

Conditional Statement Strategies for Code Obfuscation

Conditional Statement Strategies for Code Obfuscation Chandan Kumar Behera, Pawan Kumar, D. Lalitha Bhaskari Abstract Obfuscated code syntax has been set intentionally unclear. Different obfuscation techniques may have different impacts on the source code. In the presented paper, the ‘if condition’ has been used several times with the purpose to make the code obfuscated one, but in the mean time, the code should look like very simple. The idea behind this concept is to make feel the reader a simple code and ignore the code basically as it looks straightforward. Keywords: Software code protection, code obfuscation, conditional statements, malicious code Introduction Software protection is increasingly becoming an important requirement for software development according to industry. The software protection problem is fundamentally harder than other security problems. When one has the adversary for full access to the chosen software or hardware and can examine, or modify it, then no piece of software can be protected for the long period of time. An example of very common form of protection against reverse engineering attacks is obfuscation, which modifies a program to make it harder for the adversary to understand or analyse. At the beginning this techniques is developed for automatically creating multiple transformations of same program, by that each version will be difficult to analyse and modify for some more time. That means code obfuscation makes it more laborious and troublesome for understanding completely, because of that it will be not advisable to go for code tampering. The technique obfuscation helps for manipulating source code to make it harder to analyze and more difficult to understand for the attacker. Obfuscation is a common technique used to protect software against malicious reverse engineering. This approach could focus on changing a specific aspect of the code (e.g., complexity). But, the aim of code obfuscation is to prevent malicious users by disclosing the properties of the original source program. Typical code obfuscation techniques include splitting of codes into smaller pieces, merging pieces of unrelated codes, randomizing the code placement, mangling of data structures, field assignment, obfuscates the literal strings of a program, merging local integers, use of random Dead Codes, inserting dead variables, reordering of instructions, parameter reordering, transparent Branch Insertion, variable renaming, variable reassigning, aggressive methods renaming, renaming of registers, duplication of registers, promoting primitive registers, reorders the constants in the bytecode and assigns random keys to them, randomly marks all basic bytecode blocks in the program with either 0 or 1, array folding, array splitting, constant unfolding, Control flow obfuscation, flattening or introducing bogus control flow, breaking abstraction boundaries, false refactoring, mapping of bytecode instructions to source code line numbers, removal of local variable tables in the bytecode that store the local variable names in the source code, also various techniques using Opaque Predicates (Ex: branch insertion) etc. Some more techniques can be used in higher level languages, mostly in object oriented are splitting or merging of classes, finding of inner classes ( if available or not and then use obfuscation there even), new obfuscated names for methods and classes in a random fashion, encrypts class files and causes them to be decrypted at runtime, converting functions into inline methods at runtime, Interleave Methods by that will have the same signature, use of more methods having same names (overload names), takes a class and replaces all the fields with fields of the objects belong to the same class, converting the fields of a class to public, splits all of the non-static methods into a static method, open all the classes for modification, group the classes for modifying the original structure, selects a random method from the class or a random basic block from a method (i.e. a copy of the basic block will be created and some additional malicious code will be added in the new basic block, by which the values of local variable might be changed and the basic blocks will be bypassed from execution) etc. In this paper, the discussion is basically about the conditional statement. There are different ways of different obfuscation techniques by using conditions. Like, reversing the ‘if’ and ‘else’ conditions, using negation of the condition, introducing ‘if condition’ which will never true, breaking of the condition into nested. Conversion form ‘if- else if’ conditions to switch cases, etc. Proposed strategy Generally, use of conditional statements in a program is common. Mostly, for optimizing a program, the writers give the stress towards the loops. According to this thought the obfuscation also can be done on conditions, where ever it is used. Normally, after obfuscating a program, the code will be lengthier as well as difficult to understand. But, in the proposed logic, neither the code will be lengthier nor the code will look difficult to understand. Therefore, the malware witters may ignore the code. Actually the modified code will give some undesired result, by which may surprise the reader. Here, in place of â€Å"if else† or â€Å"if else if – else† conditions, we use several times the ‘if’ condition. In the proposed method if the use of ‘if conditions’ several times is replaced by ‘if- else or if-else if-else’ condition, then output will be totally different and the logic is going to change totally. Figure 1: Proposed code obfuscation logic by using ‘if condition’ several times In this paper, some proper fractions have been used for generating different patterns. Those patterns with bit wise represented and by rounding-off the values, sometimes the result will be undesirable. But, actually this is not at all undesirable, and properly calculated. So before execution of the code, it can be identified the condition which is going to be satisfied and with that the function, which is going to be executed. As the result is not undesirable and looks very simple, by and large readers may ignore the conditional statements with high percentage. The second concerned point is the repetition of patterns. As the remainder will be not zero, during the conversion of the proper fractional number into binary format, because of the infinite string of zero’s and ones. Obviously, the string will be getting a repetition of a kind of pattern. But, the visualization of the value in a variable is not possible, because of limited bytes are allowed to the variables. Fig. 2 Function execution for different values, while the fraction is 2/3 Fig. 3 Function execution for different values, while the fraction is 2/3 Because of the proper fraction, there are several repetitions of the pattern of 10 in case of rational number 2/3. Then we try to store that infinite value in a double variable and a float variable. After that the both numbers are compared. According to the result shown in the graph in figure 2, more than 88% of times functionC is executed. Here, for the values, functionC is not executing, to be uncovered. This concept can be used in several ways, like comparing two numbers or comparing a variable with a constant. Any type of program, if that consists of at least one condition is there, then that can be modified in the proposed method to obfuscate the program effortlessly. This strategy can be used in place of or with inserting some dead code or XOR operation or as well as doing some bit wise operations. In the above code, in figure 1, if the rational number 2/3 is replaced by 3/7, then the functionB will be not executed at all. The functionA will be called, when the value will be in between 1 to 2 or 27 to 31 or 251 to 255 and so on. Here the pattern is 001. i.e. the functionA executes, when the value will be with the range as follows: Fig. 4. Function execution for different values, while the fraction is 3/7 Similarly, if the proper fraction number 2/3 is replaced by 1/7, then the functionA will not execute. But, the functionB will be called, when the value will be from 3 to 7 or 59 to 63 or 507 to 511 and so on. Here, the pattern is 011. Fig. 5. Function execution for different values, while the fraction is 1/7 Conclusion Many times the code seems to be very simple and understandable, but actually not, and because of this, anybody can be confused more. This paper mostly discusses similar to that by using ‘if’ condition. In the paper, it is discussed about code obfuscation by using ‘if condition’ several times. Simply looking to the program, it is very difficult to guess that whether the program is obfuscated. Because, neither the size of the program increases nor the program looks difficult as compare to the original code. The use of several ‘if’ conditions is not at all looking different than that of ‘if –else if-else’ conditions. Most of the cases the values will be same. The important thing is when exactly the values will differ and if they differ, then which function is going to be executed. This need to be understood and bring into play in the code and the obfuscated code should give the desired output. There are several software engineer ing code techniques to measure the effect of code obfuscation, in terms of the complexity, the modularity and the size of obfuscated code. This methodology will not affect much in complexity or in size of the code. Even the original code and the obfuscated one will be not having much difference according to the modularity. This proposed obfuscation scheme may not be able to satisfy any strong definition of obfuscation, but the combination with any other obfuscation techniques to the same program, can go for a much better result. References The Effectiveness of Source Code Obfuscation: an Experimental Assessment, Mariano Ceccato, Massimiliano Di Penta, Jasvir Nagra,, Paolo Falcarin, In Proceedings of the17th IEEE International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC 2009),Vancouver, Canada, 17-19 May 2009.IEEE, pp-178-187, A Large Study on the Effect of Code Obfuscation on the Quality of Java Code, Mariano Ceccato, Andrea Capiluppi, Paolo Falcarin, Cornelia Boldyreff. Empirical Software Engineering, Springer, Towards experimental evaluation of code obfuscation techniques, Mariano Ceccato, Massimiliano Di Penta, Jasvir Nagra, Paolo Falcarin, Filippo Ricca, Marco Torchiano and Paolo Tonella..InQoP `08: Proceedings of the 4th ACM workshop on Quality of protection,Alexandria (Virginia), USA, 27 October 2008. ACM pp. 39-46 (2008). A family of experiments to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of source code obfuscation techniques, Mariano Ceccato,Massimiliano Di Penta,Paolo Falcarin,Filippo Ricca,Marco Torchiano,Paolo Tonella, Empirical Software Engineering, August 2014,Volume 19,Issue 4,pp 1040-1074 A New Code Obfuscation Scheme for Software Protection, 8th International Symposium on Service Oriented System Engineering (SOSE), 2014, Oxford, IEEExplorer, pp 409 – 414, DOI:10.1109/SOSE.2014.57 A taxonomy of obfuscating transformations , Collberg C, Thomborson C, Low D (1997). Technical Report 148, Dept. of Computer Science, The Univ. of Auckland Protecting software code by guards. Chang H, Atallah M (2002) In: ACM workshop on security and privacy in digital rights management. ACM Program obfuscation: a quantitative approach., Anckaert B, Madou M, Sutter BD, Bus BD, Bosschere KD, Preneel B (2007) In: QoP ’07: Proc. of the 2007 ACM workshop on quality of protection, ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp 15–20. doi:10.1145/1314257.1314263 Locating features in source code. Eisenbarth T, Koschke R, Simon D (2003) IEEE Trans Softw Eng 29(3):195–209 Deobfuscation: reverse engineering obfuscated code, Udupa S, Debray S, Madou M (2005). In: 12th working conference on reverse engineering. doi:10.1109/WCRE.2005.13 Obfuscated Malicious Code Detection with Path Condition Analysis, Wenqing Fan, Xue Lei, Jing An, Journal of Networks, Vol 9, No 5, May 2014, doi:10.4304/jnw.9.5.1208-1214 Static analysis of executables to detect malicious patterns, M. Christodorescu and S. Jha, In Proceedings of the 12th conference on USENIX Security Symposium Volume 12, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2003, pp. 12–12. Software protection technology research based on code obfuscation, Song Yaqi, Northwestern University, 2005 Hong Luo, Jiang Jianqin, Zeng Qingkai. Code obfuscation techniques based on software protection, Computer Engineering, 2006, Vol 32 No. 11 A. Balakrishnan and C. Schulze,†Code Obfuscation: Literature Survey†, Technical report, Computer Science Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA, 2005. B. Anckaert, M. Madou, B. D. Sutter, B. D. Bus, K. D. Bosschere, and B. Preneel. †Program obfuscation: a quantitative approach†, In QoP ’07: Proc. of the 2007 ACM Workshop on Quality of protection, pages 15-20, New York, NY, USA,2007. ACM. Intellectual property protection using obfuscation, S. Drape et al. Proceedings of SAS 2009, 4779:133–144, 2009

Free Essays - Free Will Isnt Free in Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

Macbeth - Free Will Isn't Free Could Macbeth choose his own path in life or is it already planned? Everything he does in his life is already planned out. It is destined for what happens happened in his life. He still has his free will, but no matter what everything is bound to happen as it were destined to. His destiny is still a step ahead of him. No matter what his decision is, even the three witches can foretell his future. Every decision that Macbeth choose was on his free will and his fate is already destined for him ahead of times. The three witches knew everything before hand. Therefore, they could foretell who would be the destined one and be king. They knew the exact time and place in which they were suppose to encounter the future king. They knew Macbeth would be ordained to be this future king. They told Macbeth that he was the Thane of Glamis because he is the rightful heir "all hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, thane of Glamis!" [I, iii, 49], Thane of Cawdor all hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Tthane of Cawdor" [I, iii, 51] and King of Scotland, "all hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!"[I, iii, 49]. They told Macbeth about the apparitions of the signs that he would be overthrown off the throne. The first apparition was Macduff "Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Beware Macduff, Beware the thane of Fife" [IV, I, 71]. The second apparition is foreshadowing that nothing woman born shall kill him, "the pow'r of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth" [IV, I, 80]. While, the third apparition tell ing Macbeth not to worry until the forest comes to him and the eight kings overthrow him from the thrown. "Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come against him" [IV, I, 92]. So the three witches already know Macbeths destiny and his decisions. When the witches told Macbeth that he was going to be king, he was not patient enough to wait, hence, wanted for him to be king right then. He discussed the ordeal to his wife about the three witches warning him and how things started to take its course.

Graduation Speech: The Opportunity to Make a Difference :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Over the past year or so some dreadful events have occurred at high schools, alarming the American public while they have talked about increased security, clinging to images of guns, blood and typical-looking teenagers committing unthinkable crimes. The media has focused on these incidents without giving attention to all of the potential and talent that is flourishing throughout our high schools. I invite them to recognize the inspired pupils who are propelling themselves beyond standard and motivating others around them. That is what I want the American public to be talking about. As young adults we have the opportunity to make a difference. Not only for ourselves, but for our kids and future generations. I would like to tell everybody about someone who has made the most of his opportunity. Many of you guys know him, and he's actually a very close friend of mine. He's my dad, Mark Reiman. My father was blessed with the disease ALS, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. For those of you who don't know what this disease is about, it weakens your muscles until you are unable to function. It can affect your voice, your mobility, and it can even affect how well you chew your food. Seventy five percent of people afflicted with this disease only live 2 to 5 years after their diagnosis. My father has now lived with it for almost eight years. Many of you are probably wondering why I used the word blessed. My dad, and my family also, have come to the belief that he contracted this illness for a reason. That reason is he has been given the opportunity to change peoples' lives. He's given people hope when they thought there was nothing left to hope for. He's loved people when they thought they were unlovable, that because they no longer had the physical abilities they once had, they were a nuisance. Believe me, you can accomplish so much with your mind and touch so many people with your heart. He's also taught people that every day we have is a blessing. We need to make every second count, because life is great. I mean life is awesome, you guys. If I have learned anything through my dad's affliction or from our years at Tates Creek, it's that I love life -- and want to experience as much of it as possible. Now my dad is just one guy, and look what he's done. We are individuals.

Older Siblings: A Second Father Figure Essay

Older siblings! Role models, influences, they carry much more responsibility than it appears. Older siblings, whether they know it or not, shape their younger one’s character and personality. Parents are important, but the older sibling may reinforce or disprove some of the lessons that the parents teach. Younger siblings may not admit to it but they look up to their older sibling and they emulate them. Older siblings particularly serve as agents of socialization who teach younger siblings by example about informal social behaviors, like how to act around friends. Younger siblings are also highly susceptible to acquiring older siblings’ negative habits, including but not limited to: underage drinking and smoking. Here’s an example, let’s look at the Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, some of you may have heard of them. Wilbur was 4 years older than Orville, they basically invented the airplane and had had the first controlled, powered flight. I think it’s safe to say that if Wilbur had never played with a toy ‘helicopter’ as a child, Orville never would have had the initial interest in flying. The same could be said for the Staal brothers, they play in the NHL. if Eric had never had interest in hockey and played baseball, Jordan, Marc and Jared never would have gotten into hockey. A lot of recent research shows that children learn undesirable behaviours like smoking, drinking and other delinquent acts from exposure to an older sibling’s behaviours as well as that of their sibling’s friends. It doesn’t matter if the siblings are of a similar age or spaced years apart, or of different gender. What is important was that parents encouraged siblings to develop a relationship where there is mutual respect. Parents are better at teaching the more formal settings – how to act in public or how to have manners at the dinner table. But siblings are better role models of the more informal behaviors: how to act at school or on the street, or, more importantly, how to act cool around friends. Siblings are closer to the social environments that children find themselves in during the majority of their day, which gives them a wider influence on them. Should parents support sibling closeness or not? Studies have shown that siblings may have positive or negative effects on their younger siblings. How would parents be able to moderate what the older sibling teaches to the younger one, or what traits rub off? The best method for it would be for the older sibling to have many positive habits, so that theyre is a greater chance of those habits rubbing off.

Pros of the Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy Essay

My topic was about the proÂ’s of the overthrow of the monarchy. A few of the reasons why the overthrow of the monarchy was good was because Hawaii started to become multi-cultural . Being multi-cultural can be looked upon as good if you see it as a way to diversify our cultures. Not to many states are as diversified as Hawaii which is special, some people are only one race like me but a lot of people here are a combination of many different ethnicities like Japanese, Chinese, Hawaiian, Samoan, black, and white this combination of all the ethnicities is what makes the people here that live in Hawaii unique. Another reason why the overthrow of the monarchy was good was because it ultimately it led up to the annexation of Hawaii to the US. When we became a U.S. territory Hawaii improved. Hawaii gained a sewer system, great fortunes were made by the industry people like the sugar and pineapple plantation owners, and also the real estate business boomed. A very important thing that happen when we became the 50th state of the U.S. was that America extended the bill of rights which gave women the right to vote. Before in the monarchy only 21 year old white male that could read and write English could vote. This gave women and men and the Hawaiian people more rights. Another pro of what the overthrow of the monarchy is that now there was not only one ruler. Instead of it being only one ruler it became a democracy. Even thought the system of 1 dictator was working out so far the island of Hawaii was rapidly changing and only having one monarch would probably not have fit the need of all that was happening in the islands. There was the needs of the native Hawaiian that was probably the most important to her, the needs of the sugar cane and pineapple owners. The plantations owner would want more land and so would the Hawaiians the needs of everybody on the island could have gotten too out of control for just 1 monarch to handle so having a democratic government would solve the need for all of that. Even though some Hawaiians feel that the overthrow of the monarchy was a bad thing there are some Hawaiians that actually think that the overthrow of the monarchy was a good thing. Earl Arakaki from ‘Ewa Beach wrote in a letter to the editor that that annexation to the United States was the best thing that  could happen to Hawaii, both for the native and foreign population. I am proud to be a part of the united states and IÂ’m proud to be a native Hawaiian. Some Hawaiians accepted these changes and have adapted them into their lifestyles. Called the bi-cultural Hawaiians, they took the best from both worlds. In a diary entry that Queen Liliokalani wrote she said and I quote “Tho’ for a moment (the overthrow) cost me a pang of pain for my people, it was only momentary, for the present has a hope for the future of my people.”Hawaiian people are quite diverse of the subject on the overthrow of the monarchy although the native Hawaiian view point has been expresses many times there is always more than one side of a storyOur group opinion of the overthrow of the monarchy was bad because many Hawaiians lost the very culture that made them individual to the other races. Having the Hawaiian monarchy taken away from the Hawaiians was as if something you were really used to and were just fine with ripped away from you and told that it was wrong and you should start to live the way that we live and not even having a say in it. We also think that the overthrow of the monarchy was good too in a way because if the overthrow wouldnÂ’t have happened then like where would we be now? Some of us might not have ever met or even been born. Its like some of our parents would have never met and the way that Hawaii is now would be way, way different Bibliography Pat, Pitzer. â€Å"The Overthrow of the Monarchy.† Hawaiian Independence. May 1994. 20 August 2006 . Samuel Kaluna, Kaluna. â€Å"Hawaii is not legally a state!.† 21 August 2007 .

Beginning Thinker Essay

I would say that I am a beginning thinker, I have control of all of my own personal thoughts I know that I am not always correct most of the time during each step of the thought process but I feel that I have a really good understanding of how to fix some of the issues that I have when in thought. Although some of the conclusions that I come to either workout for the short-term or long-term issue or have a tendency to be the opposite of the outcome that I was hoping for. I sometimes catch myself making a quick decision without fully thinking through the whole concept or the outcome that it will have on the issue that I am working on. I think that I can fix this by not jumping to conclusions when I am in thought, having a system to make sure that I get to the best possible outcome is something that I think I will implement going forward just to make sure that the outcome for my decision is one that I will be happy with and not regret. Critical Thinking I would say that my current critical thinking skills could be a little better, mainly because I have a tendency to over think when I am trying to come to a resolution to a specific problem. My strategy mainly consists of me thinking about the different ways that I can get to the best outcome but I also have a tendency to throw in my own assumptions or bias when coming to a resolution, this is what I feel makes me to either make an incorrect decision or make a decision based off only what my own personal feelings are towards the situation. A way that I feel I can develop better skills as critical thinker is to take all bias out of my decisions and make sure that what I do is not only best for me but will also help me keep on a path to reach my ultimate goal.

Canadian history pre-confederation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Canadian history pre-confederation - Essay Example The treaties sought to create peace between the British and the Aboriginal people in the country thus making the country easy to exploit for the British colonial masters and conducive for the habitation of the aboriginals as the discussion below portrays. Between 1700 and 1867, Canada survived on a series of treaties that earned segmented peace to the country and its inhabitants thus enhancing the existence of the various people who occupied the land1. Key among the treaties in pre confederation Canada was the Niagara treaty signed in 1764, the Selkirk treaty in 1817 and bind head treaties of 1836 among many others. A treaty refers to an agreement between two parties involved in a conflict. The agreement provides effective structures for the resolution of a conflict by safeguarding the interests of all the conflicting parties. This explains the numerous treaties signed in pre confederation Canada. The country had numerous inhabitants al of who felt entitled to the land and its resources. This often led to wars and conflicts such as the 1812 war. Such sectarian wars were obvious portrayal of the conflicts in the country as the various inhabitants fought for the resources. The creation of the numerous treaties within such short periods was a portrayal of the weaknesses of the treaties. Treaties are always contemporary and seek to provide short-term resolutions to the prevailing conflicts. As such, the treaties provided short-term ways of sharing the resources among two or more conflicting societies but the parties often rescinded the treaties in case their interests faltered. Signed in 1817, Selkirk treaty was one of the treaties that lasted the shortest in pre confederation Canada. Thomas Selkirk, a British aristocrat wanted to create a colony by purchasing a vast land previously owned by the Hudson Bay Company. The land extended into areas occupied by the Cree and Chippewa nations.