Diary of a Water Molecule

My parent's are dead. Actually they Just disappeared. I heard them talking about getting warm and then they just disappeared. I heard some older water molecule calling it evaporation. I did not like the sound of it but I had to find my parent's. My friend Each agreed to help me. Today we were watching sharks attack a school of salmon when it happened, I felt weirdness. Everything started to warm up, like my parent's had said. Each felt It too. Looks like we were going to evaporate together. Other water molecule started to go up around us and then we were floating.Day 2 – Condensation- After floating around with Each, asking about John and Lana Caches (my parent's), we sensed a chill in the air. Each and I decided to get other molecules and huddle for warmth or condensate. Now there were about fifty molecules all around us I could ask. But then I fell asleep. Day 3 – Precipitation- Our cloud has been slowly moving. It getting a lot colder, I think we are moving into the Arctic. I still haven't lost hope in finding my parent's. I was asking the water molecules around me. Since there were new water molecules Joining us I never ran UT of people.I even met my uncle Gary, but he didn't know anything. Then Each and I started to sink. But before we did we turned to snow. Then we fell or precipitate on a state called Pennsylvania. Day 4 -Percolation- I landed on a tree. Some kids were outside In a bunch of clothing. I think they were playing In the snow. Then I started to percolate Into the tree. Day 5 ? Transpiration-while In the tree I met a leaf. He said that he saw my father a day of two ago. It was my first lead. I asked him the fasted way out. He said that it was to pass off though him.Each explained how it was actually called transpiration. Suddenly I was doing it I was following in my father's footsteps. Day 6 ? Snow- was again snow on the ground. I could really move so I was afraid that my father was getting away from. I had to keep going. Each wa s falling behind because he met his cousin Sarah and he was explaining what he was trying to accomplish. I was going to meet up with him later. Day 7- Run-Off- While I was snow It started to rain. Suddenly I started to run-off Into a stream, Each was right beside me.We stayed in the stream for a long time before it got rough. Day 8- Ground Water- The stream got to rough that I and Each splashed out. We then sank Into the ground becoming ground water. Then a pipe took us to a house that needed water. I had heard about this. When the house we were at needed water we would come out and supply them. I was fine with this except the fact that we could get â€Å"needed† in the shower. Not where I wanted to go. Suddenly we were moving and I was praying. We ended up going into a water pitcher. Then the guy poured this mixInto us. We were Ice tea. He was about to drink us when, who I think was his older brother, upped the pitcher. Each and I spilled all over the floor. We were travelin g towards the sink with two other water molecules. Day 9- Corners- When we landed in the sink me and the other three water molecules. We went down the drain and we poured In to the ocean, It was huge and salty. I turned to the two molecules that we drained with. I asked them if they knew who John and Lana Caches are. They turned to me very slowly. Diary of a Water MoleculeBy inchoation them talking about getting warm and then they Just disappeared. I heard some older warm up, like my parent's had said. Each felt it too. Looks like we were going to Ion and Lana Caches (my parent's), we sensed a chill in the air. Each and I decided to the Arctic. I still haven't lost hope in finding my parent's. I was asking the water out of people. I even met my Uncle Gary, but he didn't know anything. Then Each and outside in a bunch of clothing. I think they were playing in the snow. Then I started to percolate into the tree.Day 5 – Transpiration-while in the tree I met a leaf. He said foots teps. Day 6 – Snow- I was again snow on the ground. I could really move so I was snow it started to rain. Suddenly I started to run-off into a stream, Each was right into the ground becoming ground water. Then a pipe took us to a house that needed into us. We were ice tea. He was about to drink us when, who I think was his older brother, tipped the pitcher. Each and I spilled all over the floor. We were traveling poured in to the ocean, it was huge and salty. I turned to the two molecules that we

Nursing: Years Ago and Today

The history of nursing, a segment of the white collar service sector, reflects the general trends in the transformation of work that gave rise to the new, dependent, salaried, white collar workforce, in conflict over the construct of professionalism. Although previously independent practitioners, by the end of World War II, a decisive majority of nurses were forced to find employment in the newly emerging bureaucratic hospitals as their opportunities for autonomous nurse-patient relationships diminished (Melosh 32). In the nation's hospitals, nurses were subject to processes of bureaucratic control very much like those described by Edwards for both production and nonproduction workers (Edwards 17). Invisible mechanisms of control, including the human capital notion of professionalism and the use of written rules to govern nurses' tasks and supervision, were invoked to discipline this white collar workforce. Historically, nurses' responses to these constraints have been filled with conflict. In the 18th century, nursing was merely another of women’s domestic chores. By the early 19th century, however, nursing had emerged as an occupation performed by respectable working-class women, primarily widows and spinsters. It was a specialty within domestic service, consisting primarily of cleaning a patient's body, linen, and dressings. This kind of labor was considered by most 19th-century men and women as an extension of woman's â€Å"natural† biological capacity for domesticity, docility, nurturance, and willingness to sacrifice (Berg 21). A fine line separated the 19th-century nurse from the domestic servant, as both were expected to perform household chores. By 1868, however, they were more clearly differentiated by salary; the nurse earned $1.00 to $2.00 a day whereas the servant earned only $2.22 per week (Reverby 9). Because of the close association with dirty domestic work, few middle-class women entered nursing. Until the Civil War, nursing remained an occupation performed by poor, older, single women with no formal education or training. These women were often drawn from rural areas into the cities in search of paid work, where their options were generally sewing, lodging borders, domestic service, or nursing. By 1870, there were over 10,000 women officially employed as nurses in the United States. Until the 20th century, hospital nursing was less prevalent than household nursing since most births, deaths, and illnesses occurred in the home. The majority of Americans did not see the inside of a hospital until the turn of the century. Hospitals were barely hospitals as we now know them. They were charitable institutions built by philanthropists at the end of the 18th century for the poor, the socially marginal, or the unemployed. Indeed, many hospitals evolved out of public almshouses. Patients in both public and voluntary hospitals were incarcerated for dependence as much as for disease in the 1870s (Vogel 105), and their hospital stay was often for weeks or months, not days. Impermeable walls and guarded gates surrounded the institutions, enabling hospitals to assert some control over the working class, immigrant, or destitute patient. Although benevolent, hospitals treated their patients disdainfully, with authoritarianism and paternalism. Their purpose was to provide the patient with moral uplift while instilling social control. Hospital administrators believed their patients were from â€Å"the very lowest; from abodes of drunkenness and vice in almost every form, where the most depressing and corrupting influences were acting on both body and mind† (Vogel 24). Children were decontaminated upon arrival and taught â€Å"discipline, purity and kindness.† The trustees hoped this regimen would reform the children, who would then bring â€Å"newly refined manners, quickened intellect and softened hearts† back to their homes. Some hospitals attempted to reform adults as well because they believed society benefited not just by saving these workers but also by â€Å"rekindling in them their faith in social order† (Vogel 26). Nurses in these hospitals were generally ambulatory patients themselves, caring for fellow â€Å"inmates.† If not actual patients, hospital nurses originated from the same poor and working-class sectors of society as the patients. They often held several jobs simultaneously and were frequently reprimanded for â€Å"sewing-out† (manufacturing garments on the ward) while on duty (Reverby 24). The status of the 19th-century hospital nurse was very low, comparable to the status of all female patients at this time. The female patient of 1870 was characterized in a letter to the Boston Evening Transcript as â€Å"a woman who has fallen into the sins of the wayside†¦ too weak to resist the temptations which have beset their unguarded footsteps† (Vogel 26). Similarly, the hospital nurse was characterized by Florence Nightingale, the 19th-century British reformer, as â€Å"too old, too weak, too drunk, too dirty, too stolid or too bad to do anything else† (Reverby 26). Hence, stringent rules governing general behaviors regarding sex, language, and use of alcohol and tobacco were enforced for both patients and nurses in the hospital. Although nurses lived in close proximity to the patients, they were forbidden to socialize with them. In order to prevent them from socializing or drinking with the patients, nurses were kept busy from 5:00 a.m. until 9:30 p.m. They were continually scrubbing patients, garments, and wards, since sanitation was the only method of disease prevention in the 19th-century hospital. When they had completed these tasks, they were given innumerable others to keep them in line. In addition to such domestic tasks, nurses were often responsible for providing more serious health care in the doctor's frequent absence as well. They often managed labor and delivery cases independently. This forced nurses to exercise independent medical judgments, despite doctors' prevailing expectation that nurses would be completely subservient to them. With the taste of autonomy, nurses began to expect greater latitude in their work. They began to see themselves as adult wage workers, not children to be controlled by the hospital â€Å"family,† as the hospital trustees portrayed the workplace. The face of nursing changed during the Civil War. Middle- and upper-class women, motivated by patriotism, familial duty, or simply a search for meaningful work, began to work in hospitals, nursing wounded men, and raising funds for the war (Mottus 65). The unsanitary and disorganized conditions in army hospitals led to the emergence of relief associations. In 1861 the Women's Central Association of Relief was formed with the explicit purpose of â€Å"furnishing comforts and medical stores, and especially nurses in aid of the medical staff of the army†¦ and to take measures for securing a system of well trained nurses against any possible demand of war† (Mottus 24). Drawing on Nightingale's British model of army nursing, the Registration Committee on Nurses sought prospective applicants with specific qualifications: they were to wear dresses without hoops, provide references confirming their high moral character, and be no older than 45 years of age. Nurses trained according to Nightingale's nursing model, learning the laws of both morality and hygiene. The post-Civil War years, characterized by remarkable economic growth, the rise of industrial corporations, the decline of small entrepreneurs, and the emergence of urban America, engendered the expansion of relief organizations and the development of new charity organizations. Both were controlled in large part by middle- and upper-class female reformers. These women, many of whom had participated in organized nursing during the Civil War, focused on reforming the moral character of the poor, soiled by the ravages of urban society (Lubove 4-5). The expansion of the charity organization movement represented another response by a troubled middle class to the social dislocation of the post-Civil War industrial city: â€Å"Charity organization was a crusade to save the city from itself and from the evils of pauperism and class antagonism. It was an instrument of social control for the conservative middle class† (Lubove 5). In the post-Civil War hospital, middle-class women joined forces with hospital trustees and developed training schools for nurses. The reformers' purpose was to â€Å"save† the country girl from the city, foster a profession of nursing, and reform the hospital. They attempted to carry out this goal by developing a cadre of trained, professional, middle-class nurses. The hospital trustees, however, sought nurses as a cheap labor force for the hospital. During the depression years of the 1890s, the hospital moved away from being a charity organization (Rosner 119). Philanthropists, affected by financial crises themselves, were no longer able to be the sole supporters of the institutions. Hospital trustees turned to the middle-class patient as a new source of income for hospitals. This change motivated trustees to alter the hospital's architecture as well as its workforce. Its image became more hotel-like, with private rooms, private doctors, and private nurses. The reformers convinced the trustees that young, educated nurses of middle-class origins would be more appropriate caretakers for wealthier patients than untrained, working-class nurses. Hence, while the middle-class reformers were attempting to create a profession for respectable middle-class women, embodying Victorian America's idealized vision of upper-class womanhood (empathy, gentility, and dedication to service), the trustees were still seeking an inexpensive yet disciplined workforce. The middle-class student nurse was their answer. One of the first training schools for nurses emerged in 1889 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital as a joint effort between the women reformers and the hospital trustees. They sought applications from Episcopalian and Presbyterian daughters of the clergy and the professions (James 214). The reformers hoped such a school would become the new social incubator for daughters of the new middle class. They sought only educated and refined students; women who had previously worked in the mills or domestic service were discouraged from applying. The reformers argued that only women with proper, virtuous backgrounds could enhance the moral atmosphere of the hospital. Student nurse training meant working 13-hour days at domestic duties under strict military discipline. Understaffing and medical emergency continually forced students into positions for which they were unprepared. These poor work conditions of overwork, lack of adequate training, bad food, and arbitrary discipline took their toll on the students, resulting in the 1910s in strikes against nursing supervisors (Reverby 37). During the 1930s and into the 1940s the private duty market collapsed altogether (Melosh 197). The new array of hospital techniques for both patients and nurses fostered a new role for some nurses, however: that of hospital foreman, supervising a new hierarchy of subsidiary nurses. The nursing professionalizers urged hospital administrators to hire educated graduate nurses of middle-class origins for these positions. Administrators were not hard to persuade on this point since they were able to hire nurses with more education and experience for the same wage as the student nurse, given depression-era unemployment. At first, grateful for work, graduate nurses accepted this condition. In time, however, graduate nurses responded to this situation with unrest, high rates of absenteeism, and turnover. Conflicts between adherents of the more elitist, human capital interpretation of professionalism and proponents of the need to work continue to resonate from staff and head nurses today. Many staff nurses claim that besides taking care of patients, they’re working to put shoes on their children’s feet and nursing administrators just don't see that they work to support their life outside the hospital too. Such a comment was just as appropriate in the 1880s as it was in 1985. The same debates still rage on. Besides, there are two current health care issues facing the profession of nursing today: a misdistribution of nurses across the United States and burnout, both noted as causes for a nursing shortage.   There is a misdistribution of nurses across the United States and there are at least two apparent reasons for this: geographic immobility and a lack of incentives for rural and inner-city hospitals. Nursing is a very demanding and stressful profession. Burnout is described by Annette T. Vallano in Your Career in Nursing, as a form of mental, physical, emotional, spiritual, and interpersonal exhaustion that is not easily restored by sleep or rest.   Nurses experience burnout when they are overwhelmed and unable to cope with the day-to-day stress of their work over long periods of time.   Burnout may also be a reason that many nurses have decided to work only part-time, thus burnout may be a contributing factor to the nursing-shortage problem. All in all, nursing has evolved from the days of Florence Nightingale to a highly respected and educated profession.   But there are challenges for the future.   In short, â€Å"the nursing profession needs to begin to recognize new trends and patterns† (Lowenstein1), while also recognizing â€Å"it is crucial that nurses learn to generate new ideas for care, utilizing the new medical and communication technologies that are blossoming daily, but also keeping our high touch together with the high tech† (Lowenstein 1). Works cited Edwards, Richard. Contested Terrain: The Transformation of the Workplace in the Twentieth Century. New York: Basic Books. 1979. Berg, Barbara. The Remembered Gate: Origins of American Feminism: The Woman and the City, 1800-1860. New York: Oxford University Press. 1978. James, Janet. â€Å"Isabel Hampton and the Professionalization of Nursing in the 1890s†. In Charles Rosenberg and Morris Vogel (eds.), The Therapeutic Revolution. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1979. Lowenstein, Arlene. â€Å"Vision for the future of nursing.† ICUS NURS WEB J, 16, Oct/ Dec 2003 http://www.nursing.gr/editorialLowenstein.pdf. Lubove, Roy. The Professional Altruist: The Emergence of Social Work as a Career, 1880-1930. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1965. Melosh Barbara. The Physician's Hand: Work Culture and Conflict in American Nursing. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 1982. Mottus, Jane E. New York Nightingales: The Emergence of the Nursing Profession at Bellevue and New York Hospital, 1850-1920. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International. 1980. Reverby, Susan. Ordered to Care: The Dilemma of American Nursing, 1850-1945. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1987. Rosner, David. A Once Charitable Enterprise: Hospitals and Health Care in Brooklyn and New York, 1885-1915. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1986. Vallano, Annette. Your Career in Nursing. Kaplan; 3rd edition. January 3, 2006. Vogel, Morris. The Invention of the Modern Hospital, Boston, 1870-1930. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1980. ;

Self Career Planning Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Self Career Planning Report - Essay Example As a graduate student, I believe that in today’s competitive world, it is very imperative for individuals to understand and evaluate themselves personally, as one cannot survive in this globalized world by applying ostrich’s approach that results in career plateau (Allen, Russell, Poteet, & Dobbins, 1999). Thus, this paper will focus on my explorations about my own self and aspects of my personality that will play a considerable role in decision-making process during my life. The following section of this paper will include results of Myers’ Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test (Bayne, 1997) and analysis on its different indications about my personality. I will put efforts in presenting the results of the test in such a manner that the reader will be able to create a general picture of my personality. Furthermore, it will be my aim to relate results of MBTI test with different aspects of my life that have already happened in the past. The next section of the paper will focus more on identification of my career goal on the basis of analysis of the test results, as well as my personal observations. This section will include brief description and discussion about the field in which I intend to have my career and its correlation with the results. The following section will shed light on requirements, information, specifications of the particular job, as well as its field and/or industry that will be helpful in understanding the probability of my highest achievement in that specific career. The fifth section will include discussion on challenges or barriers related to the identified job and field/industry, and the gaps that exist between my current profile and the identified job. More importantly, it will include the steps that will help me in reaching closer to my vision and target achievement in life. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test is an outcome of efforts of Isabel Myers

Statistical Critique of an Article Research Paper

Statistical Critique of an Article - Research Paper Example The article clearly identifies the primary concepts/variables in the study and states its hypotheses. The main concepts are perceptions of self-efficacy and CM knowledge and skills. Authors defined these concepts and their applications to the study. Moreover, the study identifies clear independent and dependent variables. The independent variable is the CMT, while the dependent variables are participants’ perceived self-efficacy in managing conflict situations and conflict management knowledge and skills. Aside from having explicit concepts, the article clearly states its hypotheses. Authors are fundamentally concerned of the relationship between CMT and learning. Learning is assessed based on changes in CMT knowledge and skills, as well as perceptions of self-efficacy. Moreover, authors are interested in maximizing self and peer/supervisory ratings. They want to use self, peer, and supervisory performance reviews as methods of broadly assessing the success of CMT in enhancing the CM skills.Aside from determining explicit variables, the study’s introduction provides relevant and sufficient background information that helps readers understand the skills and knowledge being studied because it includes a general introduction on the topic of conflict and discusses the definition of the concept of conflict, the conflicts that traffic officers face, benefits and costs of CMT, review of literature, basics of Hong Kong’s CMT program, theoretical framework, and the hypotheses of the study. The introduction is exhaustive because it outlines the major concepts and elements that readers need to understand the literature on conflict in general, its relation to police work, and the basic components and goals of the CMT being examined. This section answers different â€Å"what† and â€Å"why† questions, which help readers, understand what the study is about and how it responds to the gap in existing literature. Apart from having a relevant and exhaustive introduction, the sampling strategy is appropriate to the small sampling and research question, though not fully discussed. The study followed the train-the-trainer model, and so two groups of participants were assessed, primary level (PL) participants or the trainers for subordinate officers, and secondary level (SL) participants or the end learners of the CMT program. The article did not use random sampling strategy since all participants were assessed. This strategy enables the researchers to fully answer their research question. In addition, the objectives of the article required assessment of all participants. Authors cannot fully understand if the CMT is effective for all participants, if it applied random sampling strategy only. After discussing sampling strategy, this paper notes that the article sufficiently uses descriptive and inferential statistics, as well as qualitative analysis, to present a comprehensive view,

Year Round School System, Better Than Summer Vacation Research Paper

Year Round School System, Better Than Summer Vacation - Research Paper Example Students then learn through the fall, winter and spring. At the end of the spring students are finished with school for the year and get to enjoy a nice 8-10 weeks of break. This is a traditional school year and what’s wrong with that? The answer is simply facts! Facts have proven that the benefits to year round education are much more beneficial than traditional education. The problem regarding traditional and year round school is students who attend year round schooling have better scores on tests then students who attend traditional school systems (Lyttle 2011). To further explore why this is so, it is important to understand what happens during summer vacation. A typical summer vacations involves young children to be at day care, and older children left home. Parents still continue to work if they are not stay at home parents. Quickly children lose sense of a schedule. The children begin to sleep in, change eating habits, stay up later, and some make bad decisions. Hardly any studying is done and study time is quickly replaced with video games, television and the internet. Due to changes in schedule during the summer, students forget nearly everything they learned over the school year. This is even more so devastating to children with developmental disorders as they need the constant learning. This problem can be addressed to improve education by allowing for year round schooling. Year round schooling can be much more beneficial in so many different ways. Year round schooling benefits students, parents and teachers. Students benefit from year round schooling by improving tests scores and increasing more efficient work habits. Students whom are able to study year round better retain information as it is not lost due to break in habits. Information that is normally lost during summer vacation is better retained and more focus can be put toward new learning instead of having to refresh what was forgotten over summer break. A study conducted in over 345, 000 schools in the state of North Carolina shows an increase in academic achievements for students who attended year round school versus traditional school. In the article, year round school can be defined as, â€Å"180 days of school instruction that has shorter breaks rather than one large break during the summer†(McMillen2001). Students from lower income levels benefit the most from year round schooling. Year round schooling shows the best benefits when children from low income levels are on a year round school schedule. This may be due to their may be no adult present in the home during the summer and students are able to do as they please. In an article be Tracy Huebner, research has proven that students from low income homes were better off participating in year round schooling as they had higher scores in spelling, reading and math (Huebner 2010). Teachers also benefit from a year round school system. Year round schooling for teachers can be quite beneficial especially if teachers are not on a salary rate. When faced with year round versus traditional school setting on non salary earnings, teachers are more likely to seek year round schooling. Besides earnings, there are many other reasons why year round schooling is more beneficial to teachers. Teachers normally plan the fall school year refreshing much information lost during summer vacation. Year round schooling involves less having to refresh during the fall and more complete and continuous focus throughout the year. Lessons plans allow for more focused learning. Parents would likely prefer year round schooling with shorter breaks rather than one larger break. It is easier on parents whose children are in year round sch

International Rsk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Rsk Management - Essay Example â€Å"All trading systems should be aligned with the big picture. People need strategies that take advantage of macro tendencies to make good profits† (Tharp 1996). Their ultimate purpose is to be free to produce, invest and distribute what they desire, where they need, exist as long as they prefer, can move capital, workers and goods at will. Subcategories of these important freedoms naturally contain massive privatisation of public services and publicly held companies. Nothing must be debarred a priori from the market, genetic material or human body parts; foods, water, seeds, forests or air, art, music or sport. TNCs can generally stay above the law, even when they cause grievous damage to people and the surroundings. TNCs compute their achievements by 'shareholder value' and profit rates, which means the market cost of the company's stock. Some companies even buy up their personal stock to reason the market cost to rise. Cost-cutting, particularly through huge layoffs, is an additional way to enlarge shareholder price and loyalty to workers or to the communities where they occur to is a bye gone idea. â€Å"The United Nations (UN) claims there are now about 60,000 TNCs with half a million affiliates, but the ones to watch are the top one, two or five hundred. Of the top 100 economic entities in the world, 51 are corporations, only 49 are state owned. General Motors or General Electric is much larger than Saudi Arabia or Poland, and so on† (George 2000). The TNCs are continually in search of better market shares which they can get more easily by buying up other companies than by making new ones. â€Å"The three major international economic organizations are the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTO emerged out of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1995; it is an arrangement across countries that serve as a forum for negotiations on trading rules as well as a mechani sm for dispute settlements in trade issues† (Krueger 2007). Equity market means the market in which shares are issued and traded, also during exchanges. Also recognized as the stock market, it is one of the largely vital regions of a market economy for the reason that it gives company’s access to investors and capital a slice of possession in a company with the probable to realize profits based on its future performance. Following are the important role, Development of the business and commerce: It affects the financial system of the country to a large extent. It is the secondary market: it provides the stock exchange where institutional investors and retail investors buy and sell the stocks. Brokers of the stock market: Brokers really perform the buy and sell instructions of the investors and resolve the deals to maintain the stock trading alive. Derivatives are agreements and can be utilized as a fundamental asset. There are even derivatives founded on weather data, f or instance the quantity of rain or the quantity of sunny days in a specific region. Derivatives are usually used as a tool to hedge risk, other than can also be utilized for speculative reasons. Derivatives play a helpful and significant role in risk management and hedging, other than they also pose

5 Conceptual Pillars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

5 Conceptual Pillars - Essay Example Communication refers to a two way sharing of information during the course of profession. Critical thinking is the capacity for evaluating the professional issues and adhering to an objective analysis of the issues faced during one’s professional life. Holism is about considering a patient to be one integral whole, taking the varied personality aspects of a patient to be a unified entity. It is only when one exhibits allegiance to the five conceptual pillars during the nursing profession that one is deemed to possess the important competencies and skills that constitute a thorough professional. Nursing being a profession pertaining to service and care, every nurse is to bear with an immense responsibility for upholding the conceptual entities that constitute one’s professional life. The core nursing conceptual pillars tend to define the eventual driving force that constitutes and shapes the overall professional life of a nurse. When it comes to professionalism in nursing, the attitude a nurse exhibits towards one’s profession does matter a lot (Mason & Whitehead, 2003). The way a nurse perceives one’s profession and practically conveys that view towards others, including patients and colleagues does stand to be of immense importance and relevance in the professional domain (Mason & Whitehead, 2003). The relevance that the nursing profession extends to the core competencies does play a major role with regards to the safety and quality inherent in the overall professional care of any patient. Thereby it is extremely important for any nurse to acquire the relevant competencies in terms of the required skills, attitudes and knowledge, recognized by the credible bodies of opinion and the professional accreditation institutions and organizations. The competency acquisition in the line of professional skill enhancement includes the attributes like patient centered care, informatics, capacity for collaboration and teamwork, safety, evidence based

A SCENARIO BASED ESSAY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A SCENARIO BASED - Essay Example The clincials point out a sense of attitude from the student, their personality, bedside manner and their work ethic. This also gives the student a chance to see whether they like working with patients in certain settings. There are basically three issues in this scenario and two of them are related. The first two issues show that the student is showing up late for their placement and they have missed several times during the four weeks that they have been involved. They are also late coming back from breaks during the day. The other issue is that the student is not really talking about what is going on when they are confronted and therefore are in danger of failing. Although these are the issues presented in the scenario, there is another issue that is important to consider: This placement may not be a fit for this particular student, which could be the reason for their attitude and behaviour. The most obvious issue for the mentor in this situation is what to do about it. The student may fail this aspect of training unless she starts to take responsibility for her behaviour and changes it. The mentor must make a decision about the type of intervention that is needed or whether it is time to fail the student. According to Cleland et al. (2008), there are many factors that influence whether an individual who is underperforming should be failed. One of the challenges with failing a student is that mentors have difficulty doing this if they feel they are stopping a students career. Also, failing a student may depend on what the mentor felt about the student overall. Taking the facts into consideration suggest that the mentor will have to fail this student because they are halfway through the placement and the behaviour has not changed. Their attitude seems to show that they are not interested in the placement. At this point, an assessment of the attitudes, personality and skills would be helpful for the student.

Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Human Resources - Essay Example Key parts to this style are: (1) identifying goals to reduce conflict; (2) analyzing what actions can meet these goals; (3) finding ways to alter behavior that could provoke conflict; (4) changing any non useful responses to productive responses; (5) improving overall communication ability in order to minimize conflicts; and (6) minimizing the harmful effects of conflict to all parties (Noble, p.3). The author mentions that this type of coaching can either be tailored to individuals who often find themselves in unwanted conflicts, or can be specific to certain types of situations (p.3). Executive coaching is a second model that focuses on an executive who is mentored by a more seasoned executive (Thach, p. 205). In this type of coaching, both individuals lay out goals to increase the manager’s performance at the work level and the organizational level (p. 205). Executive coaching involves: (1) contracting; (2) data collection; and (3) coaching. The contracting step is a plan t hat is drawn up which includes goals, resources, and initial planning. The data collection step may involve skill assessment, interviews, and other methods for the collection of data. The coaching step is the largest step where two individuals analyze the data in order to develop a plan to overcome issues previously identified (Thach, p.206). An executive coaching example was mentioned by the author where 281 executives participated to either improve managerial effectiveness, or be able to assume a top executive role if needed. The study found that executive coaching did significantly improve both types of situations (Thach, p. 213). Steven Downward in his article â€Å"Coaching vs. Training---What Really is the Difference?† outlines differences between the two practices. One major difference is with the degree of learning involved (Downward, p.1). Training is the act of imparting knowledge to another person that would usually involve more intense one-on-one interaction and f eedback between the two parties (p.1). Coaching is more focused with guiding people to meet goals. Coaches do not necessarily have expertise that trainers would provide, but they do try to ensure that goals are met and outcomes are achieved (Downward, p.2). Another type of development is mentoring which is described as a much more extensive and long lasting process than coaching (insala.com, p.1). The difference between mentoring and coaching is that mentoring is a long term relationship that will develop between two individuals where an individual is providing guidance and knowledge to their pupil and lasts over a longer period of time while coaching is usually finished once a specific task is completed. In addition, mentoring will target more complete development of an individual while coaching is limited to usually one measure of performance (p.2). Coaches will influence people’s behavior, but mentors will be involved in every aspect of creating

How to prevent pitching Injuries Essay Example for Free

How to prevent pitching Injuries Essay Throwing a baseball is one of the most strenuous motions a person can put their body through. When you throw a baseball it puts large amounts of pressure on your arm which can cause very serious injury over an amount of time. The shoulder and elbow joint were not designed to throw a ball overhand. The natural way to throw a ball would be to throw it underhand. If you are going to be a pitcher, you need to be aware of the effects that throwing a baseball can have on your shoulder and elbow. You also need to know what you can do to prevent these injuries from happening. If your arm is going to withstand the strain that throwing has on your arm, you are going to need to know the stretches and exercises that will strengthen the arm muscles so that your arm is strong enough to take the pressure. Before you pick up the baseball you have to be absolutely sure that youre arm is thoroughly stretched out. The amount of time a person needs to stretch is going to vary, so you will have to be the judge about when you are good and stretched. When you are beginning to stretch you want to focus on getting the blood to penetrate to the arm. You accomplish this by moving your arms in a circular motion. You are going to want to rotate your arms fifteen times forward and fifteen times backward. Once you have gotten the blood flowing to the arms you are ready to begin throwing the baseball. When you first start out throwing you want to throw at a short distance, and gradually work your way back as your arm begins to get loose. When warming up you never want to start throwing as hard as you can right from the beginning. The arm needs time to get loose before you can start throwing at full speed. Now that you have warmed up, and your arm is ready to throw in a game, you need to too put a long sleeve jacket or sweatshirt on so that your arm stays warm. If you do not do this the blood that has rushed to your arm will begin to leave, which will prevent your arm from staying warm. Now that you know what to do when you are warming up, now we will go over on what to do when youre done pitching so that your arm will recover faster. After a pitcher has thrown, the joints and muscles in the arm have gone through a great deal of wear. The muscle tissue in the arm has actually started to bruise, which eventually creates lactic acid. This is a chemical in your body that helps heal these bruises, but it does not heal the arm very quickly. Instead of these acids helping your body to re-cooperate the pitcher is going to ice his shoulder and elbow (which are the main points of wear). This will help the swelling in the muscles because this ice will cause the swelling to go down. After you are done icing the pitcher is going to go on a long distance run. This long distance run helps to get the blood flowing back through the arm which causes the lactic acids that are still in your arm, to get washed out of the elbow and shoulder. For your arm to recover from pitching as quickly as possible, you are also going to need to do arm exercises until the next time that you are going to be pitching again. These exercises are also going to help prevent major injuries to your elbow and shoulder. The exercises that the pitcher will do will be done with a three foot piece of surgical tubing. With this piece of tubing you are going to strengthen the small muscles that hold your rotator cuff together and the tendons in your elbow. The tubing will be tied to an object such as a fence, and the pitcher is going to pull the tubing away from the fence creating resistance against the small muscles and tendons. These arm exercises are vital if your arm is going to withstand the pressure of throwing the baseball. Pitchers put there shoulder and elbow in a situation to have major injury. If a pitcher is going to survive through the strains of throwing a baseball he is going to need to do everything he can to try to prevent these injuries from arising. Even by doing the stretches and exercises covered in this essay, you may still go through a serious arm injury, but at least you know that you did everything that you could to try to prevent serious injury.

The Case Of Ryanair In Airlines Commerce Essay

The Case Of Ryanair In Airlines Commerce Essay This case is about Ryanair which is the first budget airline in the Europe headed by Michael OLeary who was the CEO of Ryanair. The case further explains how Ryanair the most profitable airline faced various challenges during the time period of 2004 to 2007 including the backdrop of the European airline industry. Main objectives of this assignment are to provide recommendations to senior management team of Ryanair with strategic choices and recommend new strategic initiatives and areas for improving strategy implementation. In order to accomplish those objectives a strategic analysis of environment, industry as well as the internal performances of Ryanair will be conducted. 3.1 About Ryanair Ryanair was founded by Ryan family in 1985. It has changed from a fully service conventional airline to the budget airline segment with the great turbulence they had faced in 1990. Now it has become the worlds most profitable airline. Ryanairs mission statement Ryanair will become Europeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²s most profitable lowest cost airline by rolling out our proven `low-fare-no-frillsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ² service in all markets in which we operate, to the benefit of our passengers, people, and shareholders (Mayer, 2007) It is possible to identify Ryanairs current business scope from that statement. (Thompson Strickland, 2003) They are the Europes most profitable low cost airline who provides low cost no frill services to their customers who are according to (Mayer, 2007) within Europe and price-sensitive with a lower income level or other preferences and less willing to pay for the add-on services onboard. According to (Strategy, n.d) Ryanairs main objective is to firmly establish itself as Europes leading low-fares scheduled passenger airline through continued improvements and expanded offerings of its low fares service. Their other objectives includes providing best customer service, providing point to point short haul routes to secondary airports around major population destinations and travel destinations at the lowest possible cost by lowering the operating costs. According to the case they have some future growth plans also. Critical Issues It is possible to identify many critical issues when analysing the case. Among them main issues would be high customer dissatisfaction and poor labour relations. Other issues may include failure to acquire their Irish rival Aer Lingus, announcement of its CEO Michael OLeary to leave the organisation. Models and Theories Used To analyse the macro-environment of European aviation industry, PESTEL analysis, Porters Diamond model and strategy drivers of globalisation will be used. European aviation industry and especially the low cost airline industry will be analysed using Porters Five Forces model and Strategic Grouping method. After analysing external environment, internal analysis of Ryanair will be conducted using VRIO model and Porters Value Chain analysis. Finally a SWOT analysis will be done to review the findings. External Environment Analysis Organizations do not operate in a vacuum. It is been affected and affects the environments in which it operates and so the strategy of an organization. In a highly competitive market it is necessary to analyse the environment an organization operates and assess the impact to its strategy. Finally this analysis would lead to identify opportunities and threats that are facing by the organisation. When analysing the external environment it can be divided into 2 parts, macro-environment and industry environment. Macro-Environment According to (Thompson Strickland, 2003) macro-environment consists of all relevant forces outside an organisation and those factors are far beyond the control of the organisation. Since they have a big impact on an organisations strategy, analysis is very important. 6.1.1 PESTEL Macro-environment can be analysed using the PESTEL analysis. It helps to identify each factor of macro-environment and its effects on the industry in which an organisation operates. This includes the following components (PESTEL analysis of the macro-environment, 2007); P Political This analyses how political decisions, government policies, etc affects businesses. E Economic This considers economic factors like interest rates, taxation, and economic growth. S Social This analyses how changes in social life styles affects demands and businesses T Technological Technology is changing and improving faster. It affects businesses in many ways. New technology can be used to improve product quality and reduce costs. Also new technology creates new products and markets. E Environmental This considers the environmental factors like climate changes, and impact of industrial outputs on the environment L Legal This relates to the legal environment in an organisation operates. Detailed analysis of the PESTEL analysis for Ryanairs external macro-environment and key drivers for changes including environment created opportunities and threats is included under Appendix 1 6.1.2 Globalisation Drivers of Strategy A detailed analysis of how globalisation created opportunities and forced aviation industry to go international especially in Europes context is conducted under Appendix 2. (Jatuliaviciene Kuanskiene, 2006) 6.1.3 Porters Diamond This model has been developed by Michael Porter to understand the competitive position or advantages that certain nations or geographic regions posses in global competition. According to this model certain nations possess competitive advantages over other nations as an outcome of the combination of interlinked advanced activities or factors between related companies in a geographic location. As this model explains governments play an important role in possessing competitive advantage through proactive actions. (Diamond model Michael Porter, 2010) (Diamond model Michael Porter, 2010) According to (Diamond model Michael Porter, 2010) Porter has identified factors for competitive advantages for regions or countries as follows. 1. Firm Strategy, Structure and Rivalry 2. Demand Conditions 3. Related Support Industries 4. Factor Conditions A detailed analysis of how Europe possessed competitive advantage for aviation industry as a region and how it created opportunities for Ryanair is analysed under Appendix 3. Industry Environment Traditionally after conducting a macro-environmental analysis industry analysis is conducted to analyse the level of competition a business likely to face. (The Industry Environment Analysis, n.d) According to (Pearce Robinson, 2005) the level of competition within an industry is depends upon 5 factors. Profitability of an industry is determined by the collective strength of those forces. Those can be analysed using the Porters Five Forces model. Porters Five Forces (The Industry Environment Analysis, n.d) According to Porter competitive forces are as follows; The threat of entry of new competitors. The seriousness of the threat of entrance of new competitors depends on the barriers presents in a particular industry. If barriers of entry are high and the new comer expects high reactions from existing firms, new firm will think twice before entering. Some barriers to entry are as follows; economies of scale, product differentiation, capital requirement. (Pearce Robinson, 2005) The bargaining power of buyers. When buyers have more power than sellers they can force down the price and thereby affecting the profitability of an industry. (Aaker, 2005) The bargaining power of suppliers. In situations like when suppliers sell for too many customers and when the supplier switching cost is high from the buyers perspective the bargaining power of suppliers can be high.(Aaker, 2005) The threat of substitutes. Firms from different industries can have close competition if their products substitute each other. According to (Thompson Strickland, 2003) competitive pressure from substitute products depends on factors like price of substitutes are attractive, whether substitutes provide satisfactory performance, etc. The Rivalry among competitors in the industry. According to (Aaker, 2005) intense of competition from existing competitors depends on factors like, the number of competitors, their size, similarity of their product offerings and strategies, high fixed costs of businesses and existence of high exit barriers. A detailed analysis of Porters Five Forces model and how each force impact the profitability of the Ryanairs industry which is low cost airline industry is conducted under appendix 4. 6.2.2 Industry Life Cycle Analysis Life cycle stage strongly affects the industry growth rate (Thompson Strickland, 2003). Organisations will have to change their strategy when they move from different stages of life cycle. Analysis of Europes aviation industry is included in Appendix 5. 6.2.3 Strategic Grouping According to (Thompson Strickland, 2003) a strategic group consists of those rival firms with similar competitive techniques and positions in the market. Using strategic group concept can help analysis of competitors in an industry. Reducing the number of competitors into manageable groups certainly make it easier the analysis than analysing large number of competitors (Aaker, 2005). Appendix 6 contains a strategic groping map for the aviation industry in Europe. 6.2.4 Key Success Factors Analysis According to (Thompson Strickland, 2003) KSF are prerequisites to success in a particular industry. They can include particular strategy element, product attribute, resources, competencies, competitive capabilities. KSF can be identified from the industry analysis. A detailed analysis of KSFs of budget air line industry in Europe is provided under Appendix 7. 6.3 EFAS (External Factors Analysis Summery) According to (Fletcher, 2003) after finding main external factors that can affect a business by conducting external environmental analysis EFAS table will be used to organize those factors into opportunities and threats and measure the perceived importance of particular factors. Ryanairs EFAS is attached in Appendix 8. Internal Environment Analysis An internal analysis is a must to identify organisational strengths and weaknesses which are essential in strategy formulation. (Pearce Robinson, 2005) Understanding business in depth is the goal of an internal analysis. This analysis would have more emphasis on the analysis of performances. (Aaker, 2005) Internal analysis can begins with analysis of financial performances. Financial Performances According to (Pearce Robinson, 2005) there are four basic groups of financial ratios. Those include liquidity ratio, leverage ratio, activity ratio and profitability ratio. Liquidity Ratios these ratios are used to measure whether organization is in a good position to meet its short term obligations. Leverage Ratios this ratio is used to identify the firms source of capital either owners or outside creditors. According to (Pearce Robinson, 2005) the most used leverage ratio is total debt divided by total assets. Total debt includes current liabilities and long term liabilities. Activity Ratios these are to be used to analyse whether an organisation utilizes its resources effectively or not. According to (Pearce Robinson, 2005) it is possible to establish an organisations efficiency of its operations by comparing revenues with the resources used to generate them. Profitability Ratios According to (Pearce Robinson, 2005) profitability is the final result of larger number of strategies and decisions made by an organisations management. The profit margin is calculated by the widely used ratio of return on sales (ROS). And other useful ratio is ROI (return on investment). Financial analysis of Ryanair is attached under Appendix 9. Resources and Capabilities analysis The difference between resources and capabilities is defined by (Gallagher, 2004) as resources, what companies have, versus capabilities, things companies can do. Resources and capabilities can take many forms they range from tangibles to intangibles, examples may include plant and equipments, financial resources, technology a company posses, brand and reputation and even expertise an organization posses. (Gallagher, 2004) According to (Fletcher, 2003) tangible resources can be listed in the balance sheet and they become rarely competitive advantages because of their nature and intangible resources can often play big role in competitive advantage creation. In there the organisational capabilities are defined as complex combinations of both tangible and intangible resources. According to (Thompson Strickland, 2003) a companys competencies become a meaningful competitive capability customers value them as valuable and beneficial. Core competencies are resources and capabilities that serve as a source of competitive advantage over rivals. (Internal Analysis Competencies, 2009) Ryanairs resources and capabilities analysis is included in Appendix 10. VRIO analysis and Competitive Advantages This model says that in order core competencies and resources to become sustainable competitive advantages for an organisation, they should have characteristics as follows (Gallagher, 2004); Valuable A resource will become valuable if it can help the organisation to face threat or capitalize on an opportunity. Most importantly those should be valued by customers. Rare If resources are scarce or they are not available to an organisations competitors they become rare resources. Inimitable This means that resources cannot be easily imitated or substituted. Usually intangible resources or capabilities like a good brand image cannot easily be imitated. Organized There is no use from a valuable resource if it is not well utilized by the organisation. Therefore it should be very well organized to be utilized. A complete analysis of Ryanairs resources and competencies using the VRIO model to identify Ryanairs competitive advantages is included under Appendix 11. Value Chain Analysis Value chain proposed by Michael Porter analyses systematically the series of activities an organisation performs to provide products or services to customers (Pearce Robinson, 2005). A firm can achieve competitive advantage over their competitors by performing these strategically important activities better than competitors. According to (Gallagher, 2004) many processes that are identified in value chain analysis can be a potential source of VRIO resources. (Morrison, 2007) Major categories of activities are grouped in to primary activities and support activities. Primary activities help directly the physical creation of products where support activities provide inputs or infrastructure to help primary activities to take on ongoing basis. Primary activities that are identified by this model are as follows (Pearce Robinson, 2005); Inbound logistics activities that are associated with receiving, storing inputs to production Operations activities related to transforming inputs into products Outbound Logistics activities that are related to distributing products towards customers Marketing/Sales activities associated with informing customers to encourage the purchasing Service Activities that undertake once products are sold to customers to enhance or maintain the value of products. Support activities that are identified by this model are as follows (Pearce Robinson, 2005); Procurement activities that are done within the firm to provide inputs across entire value chain Technology development activities that are done to improve the product as well as the way each activity is performed Human resource management activities conducted in order to ensure the availability of human resources to each primary activity. Infrastructure activities like accounting, management that are essential to perform all activities in the value chain. Value chain analysis of Ryanair is included in Appendix 12. IFAS (Internal Factor Analysis Summary) According to (Fletcher, 2003) after finding main internal factors that can affect the current and future competitiveness by conducting internal analysis of an organisation, IFAS table will be used to organize those factors into strengths and weaknesses and measure the perceived importance of particular factors. IFAS of Ryanair is included in Appendix 13. SWOT Analysis According to the findings of external and internal environment analysis SWOT analysis would be as follows. Strengths Strong brand image (as the first budget operator and number one in the budget industry) Web site (enabled them to on line bookings, promotions) Financial strength Low cost strategy Advantages of economies of scale and experience curve Innovative promotional techniques used at a lower cost Same fleet of airplanes New more efficient airplanes Weaknesses Customer dissatisfaction Poor quality of services Poor employee relations Decrease in employee morale Some secondary airports are too far from city centres Opportunities Budget airline market is growing Revenue generation from ancillary services Web site can be turn into a revenue generator Can apply low cost no frill into long haul Spread their business to more countries Increase customer base Acquisition of Aer Lingus is a growth opportunity Threats Security issues like terrorism Rapid increase in oil price and unpredictable fluctuations Intense rivalry among competitors Changes in customer demographics Pressure from environmental protection groups Costly new EU regulations Conclusion Ryanair as the most profitable airline in the world and the number one budget sector airline in the Europe is not without facing any challenges as it is the nature of the highly competitive modern business world. It was possible to identify many critical issues that were facing by Ryanair like high customer dissatisfaction and poor labour relations and many other threats which are externally created when analysing the case. Macro-environment, industry and internal analyses were conducted to analyse the current situation of Ryanair. From the external environment analysis it was possible to identify many opportunities that were created by the environment like growth in the budget airline industry in Europe and opportunities created by internet, etc. Also they were facing many threats like new EU regulation, environmental concerns, fluctuating oil prices and terrorism threats. Further from the internal environment analysis it was possible to identify number of strengths that are possessed by Ryanair like strong brand image, their financial strengths, efficient operations, etc and their weaknesses like customer dissatisfaction, poor employee relations, etc. In the analysis it was found that there is a huge growth potential in Europe and they could successfully win over the competition if they utilize their strengths like brand image and financial strength to beat competition and if they can minimize weaknesses like customer dissatisfaction there will be no chance to competitors like easyJet to outperform Ryanair. Therefore it can be said that the management of Ryanair needs to consider adjusting their existing strategies or if required formulate new strategies to capitalize on the opportunities using their strengths and more importantly to minimize the weaknesses and face externally created threats using their available strengths and opportunities.